37 BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION QUESTIONS
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION QUESTIONS
Term ‘Biodiversity’ popularized by
A) Robert hook B) Ernst Haeckel C) Edward Wilson D) G. Tansley
Edward Wilson was a –
A) Mathematician B) Sociobiologist C) Psychologist D) None of the above
‘Biodiversity’ was popularized
A) To describe the combined diversity B) to describe individual diversity
C) To describe plant diversity D) None of the above
Types of Biodiversity is/are-
A) Genetic diversity B) Species diversity
C) Ecological diversity D) All of these
The genetic variation shown in
A) Rouwolfia vomitoria B) Rice
C) Mango D) All of the above
Active chemical in Rauwolfia vomitoria
A) Terpine B) Reserpine C) Asprine D) None of the above
Which one is correct about Genetic diversity
A) Genetic variation shown by Rauwolfia vomitoria
B) Genetic variation shown in western ghats.
C) India has less than 5000 genetically different strain of rice
D) India has 1,000 varieties of rice
India has more than… .. genetically different strains of rice, and …varieties of Mango.
A) 50,000, 1,000 B) 1,000 & 50,000 C) 5,000, 1,000 D) 1,000 & 5,000
The diversity at the species level is c/a
A) Ecological diversity B) Genetic diversity
C) Species diversity D) None of these
The ……..Ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the ….. Ghats.
A) Eastern, Western B) Western, Eastern C) Western, Southern D) Eastern, Southern
Ecological diversity is in
A) Deserts B) Rain forests, Mangroves
C) Coral reefs, Wetlands D) All of the above
Biodiversity and its conservation is of
A) national concern B) concern in some states of india
C) international concern D) all of these
IUCN stands for-
A) International unity for conservation of Nature
B) Indian union for conservation of Nature
C) Italian union for conservation at Nature
D) International Union for conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Robert may estimates the global species diversity at about
A) 7 billion B) 70 million C) 7 million D) 70 billion
Most species rich taxonomic group are
A) Crustaceans B) Insects C) Molluscs D) None of the above
In all available species more than 70% of all the species recorded are _____ which ______ camprise no more than 22% of the total
A) Invertebrates, Plants B) Plants, Animal
C) Animal, Plants D) Plant, Invertebrates
Highest variation of species in plants is in-
A) Fungi B) Mosses C) Algae D) Lichens
In vertebrates maximum No. of species found in
A) Birds B) Mammals C) Fishes D) Reptiles
Problem behind no given figures about prokaryotes is
A) Conventional taxonomic methods are not suitable for identifying microbial species
B) Many species are simply not culturable under laboratory conditions
C) Because prokaryotes are non-living
D) A & B both are correct
India has only …….. percent at the world’s land area. Its share of the global species diversity in an impressive….percent.
A) 2.4, 8.1 B) 8.1, 2.4 C) 4.1, 8.2 D) 8.4, 2.1
India is one of the ….mega diversity countries of the world.
A) 13 B) 14 C) 12 D) 11
How may plant species found in India roughly
A) 1,00,000 B) 45,000 C) 3,00,00 D) None of the above
According to May’s global estimate there are probably…..plant species & more than …..animal species.
A) 3,00,000 & 1,00,000 B) 30,000 & 10,000
C) 1,00,000 & 3,00,000 D) 10,000 & 30,000
Species diversity decreases as
A) We move away from the equator towards the poles
B) We move away from the poles towards equator
C) We move hill to plane area
D) None of the above
How many species of birds found in India?
A) 1500 B) 1400 C) 1200 D) 1700
Greatest biodiversity on earth is found in
A) Sundarbans B) Amazon rain forest C) Congo rain forest D) None of the above
Amazon Rainforest situated in
A) North America B) North India C) South America D) West America
Choose the correct option
| 1 | Plant | i | 378 |
| 2 | Fishes | ii | 40,000 |
| 3 | Birds | iii | 427 |
| 4 | Mammals | iv | 3,000 |
| 5 | Reptiles | v | 1,300 |
The relation b/w species richness & area for a wide variety of taxa turns out to be a
A) Linear B) Sigmoid
C) Rectangular Hyperbola D) None of the above
Correct equation of species-Area relationship
A) log A = log S + Z log C B) log S = log C + Z log A
C) log S = log Z + C log A D) log S = log C – Z log A
In species area relationship equation, Z stands for-
A) Slope of the line B) Regression coefficient
C) species richness D) Both a & B are correct
Value of Z is
A) 20-30 B) 1 – 2 C) 0.1 – 0.2 D) None of the above
The value of Z in the entire continents
A) 0.8 – 1.8 B) 0.6 – 1.2 C) 0.1 – 0.2 D) None of the above
The value of Z for frugivorous birds & mammals in the tropical forests of different continents
A) 2.15 B) 0.5 C) 1.15 D) 0.8
Concept of species-Area relationship given by
A) Robert Frost B) Paul Ehrlich C) Alexander hook D) Alexander Von Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt is a
A) German naturalist B) Philosopher
C) Geographer D) Both A & C are correct
According to Alexander species richness
A) Increased with increasing explored area, but only up to a limit
B) Decreased with increasing explored area, but only up to a limit
C) Increased with decreasing explored area, but there are no limitations
D) None of the above
Find out A and B and also select the correct answer
A) a = species richness
b = Area
B) a = area
b = species richness
C) a = Area
b = Regression coefficient
D) none of these
In species-area relationship equation
A) S = species richness B) A = area
C) C = Y – intercept D) All of these
Which one is correct about a stable community?
A) Should not show too much variation in productivity from year to year
B) It must be either resistant or resilient on surface disturbance
C) It must also be resistant to invasions by alien species
D) All of these are correct
Find out correct option about David Tilman’s long term ecosystem experiments
A) Plots with more species showed less year-to-year va riation in total biomass
B) Plots with more species show too much variation in productivity
C) Increased diversity contributed to higher productivity
D) Both A & C are correct
‘Rivet popper hypothesis’ is given by
A) Alexander von Humboldt B) Paul Ehrlich
C) Tilman D) Robert hook
Paul Ehrlich is a
A) Stanford ecologist B) Stanford psychologist
C) Stanford micrologist D) Stanford geologist
In Rivet popper hypothesis, rivets depict as
A) Ecosystem B) Extinct species C) Species D) Plants
According to Ehrlich’s rivet popper hypothesis loss of rivets on the wings affects in ecosystem as-
A) Loss of key species that drive major ecosystem function
B) Proper functioning of ecosystem
C) Species to become extinct
D) None of these
According to rivet popper hypothesis, which one is not correct
A) Rivet – species
B) Airplane – Ecosystem
C) Rivets to take home – species to become extinct
D) All of these are correct
The colonization of tropical pacific islands by humans is said to have led to the extinction of more than ______ of native birds
A) 2000 species B) 1200 species C) 20000 species D) 200 species
According to red list (2004) No. of total extinct species in last 500 years
A) 504 species B) 387 species C) 478 species D) 784 species
How many species of invertebrates become extinct in last 500 years
A) 87 species B) 784 species C) 359 species D) None of these
According to recent extinction which one is incorrect option –
A) Dodo – Mauritius B) Steller’s sea cow – USA
C) Quagga – Africa D) Thylacine – Australia
Subspecies of tiger which become recently extinct
A) Bali B) Caspian C) Javan D) All of these
The last 20 years alone have witnessed the disappearance of ______
A) 300 species B) 10 species C) 27 species D) 1000 species
Match the following-
Species |
% of threat of extinction |
||
| a | Birds | 1 | 23% |
| b | Mammals | 2 | 32% |
| c | Amphibians | 3 | 12% |
| d | Gymnosperms | 4 | 31% |
A) a-1, b-3, c-2, d-4 B) a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4
C) a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2 D) a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
Select the correct statement about ‘Sixth Extinction’
A) The extinction rates are estimated to be 100 – 1000 times faster than in the pre-human times.
B) Human activities are responsible for the faster rates.
C) Half of all the species on Earth might be wiped out within the next 1000 years.
D) Both A and B option are correct.
Loss of biodiversity in a region may lead to
A) decline in plant production,
B) lowered resistance to environmental. perturbations such as drought.
C) Increased variability in ecosystem process.
D) All of these.
‘The Evil Quartet’ is the term used to describe
A) Causes of habitat losses B) Causes of biodiversity losses.
C) Causes of water losses D) All of these.
The accelerated rates of species extinctions are largely due to
A) Natural activities B) Machines activities C) human activities D) none of these
Which one is not involved in the evil quartet?
A) Habitat loss and fragmentation B) Alien species invasions
C) over – exploitation D) all are involved
The most important cause of animals and plants to extinction
A) Over exploitation B) Alien species invasions
C) Co-existence D) Habitat loss and fragmentation.
Lungs of the planet term used for
A) Tropical rain forest, B) Amazon rainforest,
C) temperate reason, D) none of these.
The Amazon rainforest harboring probably millions of species to is being cut and cleared for.
A) For cultivating soya beans. B) Conversion to grassland for raising beef cattle.
C) Cultivating new forest. D) Both A and B are correct.
When large habitats are broken up into small fragments due to various _______, mammals and birds requiring large territories and certain animals with migratory habits are badly affected, leading to ___b____.
A) a – Nature activities,
b – Population declines
B) a – Human activities,
b – Population declines
C) a – Human activities,
b – Population increasing
D) none of these
Once covering more than ______ percent of Earth’s land surface, these rain forests now cover no more than _______ percent.
A) 6, 14 B) 14, 8 C) 14, 6 D) 12, 8
Species extinct in the last 500 years due to over exploitation by humans.
A) Steller’s sea cow B) Cichlid fish C) Passenger pigeon D) A & C both are correct
How many species of cichild fish is extinct due to introduction of Nile perch in lake victoria?
A) 2 B) 20 C) 200 D) 2000
The environmental damage caused and threat posed to our native species by invasive weed species like.
A) Carrot grass B) water hycinth C) lantana D) all of these.
African catfish _______ is posing as threat to the indigenous catfishes.
A) Parthenium B) Clarias garlepinus
C) Clarias branchysoma D) None of these
Which one is correct statement about co-extinction?
A) When a species become extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it in an obligatory way also become extinct.
B) When a host becomes extinct, it’s unique assemblage of parasites also meets the same fate
C) In the plant pollinator mutualism, where extinction of one invariably leads to the extinction of the other.
D) All these statements are correct.
Which one is not an example of Alien species invasions?
A) Parthenium B) Steller’s sea cow C) Catfish D) Lantana
Purpose of introducing the African cat fish in the Indian River.
A) For Aquaculture B) For ornamental purpose
C) For agriculture D) None of these.
Reason behind conserving the biodiversity.
A) Narrowly utilitarian. B) Broadly utilitarian.
C) Ethical D) All of these
More than 25% of the drugs currently sold in the market worldwide are derived from __i__ and __ii__ species of plants contribute to the traditional medicines used by native peoples around the world.
A) i- plants, ii- 25,000 B) i- Animals, ii- 25,000
C) i- Animals, ii- 25,00 D) i- plants, ii- 25,00
How much oxygen is produced by Amazon Forest through Photosynthesis?
A) 20% of the total oxygen. B) 30% of the total oxygen.
C) 25% of the total oxygen. D) None of these.
Select the correct option about ethical argument.
A) In ethical argument of conserving biodiversity relates to what we are to million of plant, animals and micro species with whom we share this planet.
B) We need to realize that every species has an intrinsic value.
C) We have a moral duty to care for their well being and pass on our biological legacy in good order to future generation.
D) All these statements are correct.
Species confined to that region and not found anywhere else is called as-
A) In situ B) Exotic C) Endemic D) None of these
Initially ___i___ biodiversity hotspots were identified, but after some time ___ii___ more have been added and the total number of biodiversity hotspot in the world to __iii__ .
A) i- 25, ii- 9 B) ii- 8, iii- 30 C) i- 23, iii- 34 D) none of these
Match the following
Column I |
Column II |
||
| a | Biosphere reserve | 1 | 448 |
| b | National parts | 2 | 14 |
| c | Wildlife centuries | 3 | 90 |
A) Biosphere reserves B) National parks C) Zoological parks D) Sacred groves
Which one is not the hotspot in India?
A) Western ghats B) Indo Burma C) Eastern Ghats D) Himalaya
Sacred groves are that-
A) Place which are protected for animals.
B) Place where all people are worship.
C) Place where religion and cultural traditions that emphasized protection of nature
D) None of these
Sacred groves, Khasi and Jaintia hills located in-
A) Meghalaya B) Manipur C) Mizoram D) Madhya Pradesh
What is endangered or threatened?
A) Organisms facing a very high risk of death due to environment.
B) Organisms facing a very high risk of extinction, in the near future.
C) Organism facing a very high risk of danger from other organisms.
D) None of these.
Which one of the following is not an example of Ex-situ conservation?
A) Zoological parks B) Botanical Gardens C) Biosphere reserves D) none
Gametes of threatened species can be preserved in variable and fertile condition for long period using
A) Heat B) Cryopreservation C) Both D) None of these
Threatened plant species can be propagated by-
A) Tissue Culture B) Aquaculture C) Cryopreservation D) None of these
The Earth’s summit held in Rio de Janeiro in.
A) 2000 B) 1990 C) 1992 D) 2002
The world’s summit on sustainable development held in 2002 in.
A) Johannesburg, South Africa. B) Cape town South Africa.
C) Rio de Janeiro. D) East America
How many countries pledged in world summit held in 2002 in Johannesburg?
A) 200 B) 180 C) 170 D) 190
In which type of conservation threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special selting place where they can be protected and given a special care?
A) Cryopreservation B) Ex-situ conservation
C) In-situ conservation D) None of these
Seeds of different genetic strains of commercially important plants can be kept for long period in
A) Cryopreservation B) Tissue culture C) Seed bank D) None of these
Which are involved in In-situ conservation?
(i) Biosphere reserve (ii) Cryopreservation (iii) Tissue culture (iv) Seed bank (v) National park
(vi) Zoological park (vii)Sacred groves (viii) Safari parks
A) iii, vii, v B) ii, iii, i C) i, v, vii D) iv, vi, i
Pledge of Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro.
A) All nations to take appropriate measure for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilization of its benefit.
B) All nations are free to utilize natural resources and also harm the ecosystem.
C) Significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional and local levels.
D) None of these
What is correct about the historic convention on biological diversity?
(i) It held in Rio de Janeiro (ii) In 1992
(iii) Also called the earth summit (iv) 190 states Pledged in this summit
(v) Commitment to achieve by 2020
A) i, ii, iv B) i, ii, iii C) iii, iv, i D) all
In recent years, which type of conservation has advanced beyond keeping threatened species in enclosures?
A) In-situ conservation B) Ex-situ conservation
C) None of these D) Both A & B
Niche is
(a) all the biological factors in the organism’s environment.
(b) the physical space where an organism lives.
(c) the functional role played by the organism where it lives.
(d) the range of temperature that the organism needs to live.
All of the following are included in ‘ex-situ conservation’ except:
(a) Wildlife safari parks (b) Sacred groves
(c) Seed banks (d) Botanical gardens
Alexander Von Humbolt described for the first time:
(a) Laws of limiting factor. (b) Species area relationships.
(c) Population Growth equation. (d) Ecological Biodiversity.
Which one of the following is related to Ex-situ conservation of threatened animals and plants?
(a) Biodiversity hot spots (b) Amazon rainforest
(c) Himalayan region (d) Wildlife safari parks
The region of biosphere reserve which is legally protected and where no human activity allowed, is known as:
(a) Buffer zone (b) Transition zone (c) Restoration zone (d) Core zone
Which is the national aquatic animal of India?
(a) Gangetic shark (b) River dolphin (c) Blue whale (d) Sea-horse
Which of the following is the most important cause of animals and plants being driven to extinction?
(a) Over – exploitation (b) Alien species invasion
(c) Habitat loss and fragmentation (d) Co-extinction
The species confined to a particular region and not found elsewhere is termed as:
(a) alien (b) endemic (c) rare (d) keystone
Cryopreservation of gametes of threatened species in viable and fertile condition can be referred to as:
(a) advanced ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. (b) in-situ conservation by sacred groves.
(c) in-situ cryo-conservation of biodiversity. (d) in-situ conservation of biodiversity.
In which of the following, both pairs have correct combination?
(a) In-situ conservation : Cryopreservation Ex-situ conservation : Wildlife Sanctuary
(b) In-situ conservation : Seed Bank Ex-situ conservation : National Park
(c) In-situ conservation : Tissue culture Ex-situ conservation : Sacred groves
(d) In-situ conservation : National Park Ex-situ conservation : Botanical Garden
Given below is the representation of the extent of global diversity of invertebrates. What groups the four portions (A-D) represent respectively?
An example of ex situ conservation is:
(a) National park (b) Seed bank (c) Wildlife sanctuary (d) Sacred grove
A species facing extremely high risk of extinction in the immediate future is called:
(a) vulnerable (b) endemic (c) critically endangered (d) extinct
Which one of the following is not a method of in situ conservation of biodiversity?
(1) Biosphere Reserve (2) Wildlife Sanctuary (3) Botanical Garden (4) Sacred Grove
Which of the following is the most important causes for animals and plants being driven to extinction?
(1) Habitat loss and fragmentation (2) Drought and floods
(3) Economic exploitation (4) Alien species invasion
The Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 was called :
(1) to reduce CO2 emissions and global warming.
(2) for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilization of its benefits.
(3) to assess threat posed to native species by invasive weed species.
(4) for immediate steps to discontinue use of CFCs that were damaging the ozone layer.
Decline in the population of indian native fishes due to introduction of Clarias gariepinus in river Yamuna can be categoriesd as
(1) Co-extinction (2) Habitat fragmentation (3) Over exploitation (4) Allen species invasion
Western Ghats have a large number of plant and animal species that are not found anywhere else.Which of the following terms will you use to notify such species?
(1) Endemic (2) Vulnerable (3) Threatened (4) Keystone
Exploration of molecular, genetic and species level diversity for novel products of economic importance is known as
(1) Biopiracy (2) Bioenergetics (3) Bioremediation (4) Bioprospecting
In the following in each set a conservation approach and an example of method of conservation are given
(a) In situ conservation – Biosphere Reserve (b) Ex situ conservation – Sacred groves
(c) In situ conservation – Seed bank (d) Ex situ conservation – Cryopreservation
Select the option with correct match of approach and method :
(1) (a) and (c) (2) (a) and (d) (3) (b) and (d) (4) (a) and (b)
According to Alexander von Humboldt :
(1) Species richness decreases with increasing area of exploration
(2) Species richness increases with increasing area, but only up to limit
(3) There is no relationship between species richness and area explored.
(4) Species richness goes on increasing with increasing area of exploration
Which of the following regions of the globe exhibits highest species diversity?
1) Amazon forests 2) Western Ghats of India 3) Madagascar 4) Himalayas
According to Robert may, the global species diversity is about
1) 7 million 2) 1.5 million 3) 20 million 4) 50 million
Which of the following is not a method of ex situ conservation?
1) In vitro fertilization 2) National Parks
3) Micropropagation 4) Cryopreservation
Habitat loss and fragmentation, over exploitation, alien species invasion and co-extinction are causes for:
1) Population explosion 2) Competition
3) Biodiversity loss 4) Natality
In-situ conservation refers to:
1) Protect and conserve the whole ecosystem
2) Conserve only high risk species
3) Conserve only endangered species
4) Conserve only extinct species