ANATOMY OF FLOWRING PLANT IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
ANATOMY OF FLOWRING PLANT IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
- Identify the given figure and select the correct option for A,B and C.
| A | B | C | |
| (a) | Leaf primordium | Shoot apical meristem | Axillary bud |
| (b) | Leaf primordium | Shoot apical meristem | Apical bud |
| (c) | Root hair | Root apical meristem | Axillary bud |
| (d) | Root hair | Root apical meristem | Apical bud |
ANSWER – (A)
- Match the following and choose the correct option from below.
A. Meristem (i) Photosynthesis, storage
B. Parenchyma (ii) Mechanical support
C. Collenchyma (iii) Actively dividing cells
D. Sclerenchyma (iv) Stomata
E. Epidermal tissue (v) Sclereids
Options.
(a) A – (i), B- (iii), C-(v), D-(ii), E-(iv)
(b) A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(v), E- (iv)
(c) A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(v), D-(i), E-(iii)
(d) A-(v), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(ii), E-(i)
ANSWER – (B)
- Select the mismatched pair out of the following.
| Column – I | Column – II |
| (a) Radial vascular bundle | Xylem and phloem on different radii |
| (b) Bicollateral vascular bundle | Phloem present on both sides of xylem |
| (c) Conjoint vascular bundle | Xylem and phlom on same radii |
| (d) Amphivasal vascular | Phloem surrounds xylem |
ANSWER – (D)
- Interfascicular cambium develops from the cells of.
(a) Medullary rays
(b) Pericycle
(c) Xylem parenchyma
(d) Endodermis
ANSWER – (A)
- In (i) Protoxylem lies towards periphery and metaxylem lies towards centre. Such an arrangement of primary xylem is called as (ii)
(i) (ii)
(a) Stems Endarch
(b) Stems Exarch
(c) Roots Exarch
(d) Roots Endarch
ANSWER – (C)
- Identify the simple tissue from among the following.
(a) Xylem (b) Parenchyama
(c) Epidermis (d) Phloem
ANSWER – (B)
- Identify the given figure and select the correct labels for A,B and C.
| A | B | C | |
| (a) | Tylosis | Xylem parenchyma | Xylem vessel |
| (b) | Callose | Xylem parenchyma | Xylem vessel |
| (c) | Callose | Phloem parenchyma | Phloem vessel |
| (d) | Tylosis | Phloem parenchyma | Phloem vessel |
ANSWER – (A)
- Which meristem helps in increasing girth.
Or
Meristematic tissue responsible for increase in girth of tree trunk is.
(a) Intercalary meristem (b) Primary meristem
(c) Lateral meristem (d) Apical meristem
ANSWER – (C)
- Match Column –I with Column – II and select the correct option from the codes given below.
| Column –I | Column – II |
| A.Vessels | (i) Cells are living, with thin cellulosic cell walls |
| B. Tracheids | (ii) Cells possess highly thickened walls with obliterated central lumen |
| C. Xylem fibres | (iii) Individual members are interconnected through perforations in their common walls |
| D. Xylem parenchyma | (iv) Elongated tube – like cells with thick, lignified walls and tapering ends |
(a) A –(iv), B– (iii), C– (ii), D– (i)
(b) A – (iii), B– (iv), C– (ii), D – (i)
(c) A – (ii), B– (iv), C –(iii), D – (i)
(d) A – (iv), B – (ii), C –(iii), D –(i)
ANSWER – (B)
- Epiblema of roots is equivalent to.
(a) Epidermis (b) Pericycle
(c) Endodermis (d) Stele
ANSWER – (A)
- Stomate which remain surrounded by a pair of subsidiary cells whose common wall is at right angles to guard cells are called
(a) Anomocytic (b) Diacytic.
(c) Anisocytic (d) Paracytic
ANSWER – (B)
- Vascular cambium in dicot root develops from.
Or
In dicot root initiation of lateral root and vascular cambium during secondary growth takes place from.
(a) Endodermis (b) Pericycle
(c) Conjunctive parenchyma (d) Both (b) and (c)
ANSWER – (D)
- Hypodermis is ____ in sunflower stem and ___ in maize stem.
(a) Parenchymatous, Collenchymatous
(b) Sclerenchymatous, Collenchymatous
(c) Collenchymatous, Sclerenchymatous
(d) Sclerenchymatous, Sclerenchymatous
ANSWER – (C)
- A conjoint and open vascular bundle will be observed in the transverse section of.
(a) Dicot stem. (b) Monocot root
(c) Monocot stem (d) Dicot root
ANSWER – (A)
- Which of the following options correctly shows the sequence of different tissues of the periderm starting from periphery ?
(a) Phellogen – Phellem – Phellodem
(b) Phellem – Phelloderm – Phellogen
(c) Phelloderm – Phellogen – Phellem
(d) Phellem – Phellogen – Phelloderm
ANSWER – (D)
- Read the different components from (A) to (D) in the list given below and tell the correct order of the components with reference to their arrangement from outer side to inner side in a woody dicot stem.
(A) Secondary cortex (B) Wood
(C) Secondary phloem (D) Phellem
(a) (A), (B), (D), (C) (b) (D), (A), (C), (B)
(c) (D), (C), (A), (B) (d) (C), (D), (B), (A)
ANSWER – (B)
- Read the following statements and select the correct ones.
(i) Phloem parenchyma is absent in most monocots.
(ii) Gymnosperms lack tracheids and vessels.
(iii) Gymnosperms lack companinon cells.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
ANSWER – (C)
- Interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are formed due to.
(a) Cell – division (b) Cell dedifferentiation
(c) Cell differentiation (d) Redifferentiation.
ANSWER – (B)
- Which of the following conditions of xylem is present in both monocot and dicot stems ?
(a) Polyarch (b) Mesarch
(c) Endarch (d) Exarch
ANSWER – (C)
- Phellogen and phellem respectively denote.
(a) Cork and cork cambium
(b) Secondary cortex and cork
(c) Cork and secondary cortex.
(d) Cork cambium and cork
ANSWER – (D)
ANATOMY OF FLOWRING PLANT IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
- Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Annual rings are distinct in plants growing in temperate regions.
Statement 2: In temperate regions, the climatic conditions are not uniform through the year.
(a) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.
(b) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
(c) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
(d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
ANSWER – (C)
- How many shoot apical meritsems are likely to be present in a twig of a plant possessing, 4 branches and 26 leaves?
(a) 5 (b) 26 (c) 1 (d) 30 (e) 4
ANSWER – (A)
- Select the incorrect pair out of the following.
Type of tissue Function
(a) Parenchyma – Storage, photosynthesis
(b) Phloem – Conduction of water and minerals
(c) Sclerenchyma – Mechanical strength
(d) Xylem – Ascent of sap
ANSWER – (B)
- A piece of wood having no vessels (trachea) must be belonging to.
(a) Teak (b) Mango (c) Palm (d) Pine
ANSWER – (D)
- Read the following statements with 1 -2 blanks in each one of them.
(i) In monocot root, a large number of vascular bundles are arranged in the form of a ____ around the central ____
(ii) Due to the presence of ______ the endodermal cells do not allow wall to wall movement of substances between cortex and pericycle, in a primary dicot root.
(iii) The epidermis of stem of sunflower bears several unbranched _____ hair.
(iv) the central portion of a dicot stem is usually occupied by ____ comprising of thin walled
parenchymatous cells.
Fill in the blanks in the above statements and select the correct option for any two of them.
(a) (i) Ring,pith; (ii) Hypodermis
(b) (ii) Casparian strips; (iii) Unicellular
(c) (i) Ring, cortex; (iv) Vascular bundles
(d) (iii) Multicellular; (iv) Pith
ANSWER – (D)
- A Plant tissue, when stained, showed the presence of hemicelluloses and pectin in cell wall of its cells. The tissue represents.
(a) Sclerenchyman (b) Xylem
(c) Collenchyma (d) Meristem
ANSWER – (C)
- Which out of the following is a mismatched pair ?
(a)Amphistomatic – Stomata non – functional or absent
(b) Hypostomatic – Stomata present more on lower epicermis than on upper epidermis
(c) Epistomatic – Stomata present more on upper epidermis than on lower epidermis
(d) Sunken stomata – Stomata deep seated below the surface
ANSWER – (A)
- In conifers fibres are likely to be absent in.
(a) Secondary phloem (b) Primary phloem
(c) Leaves (d) Secondary Xylem
ANSWER – (D)
- Following table summarizes the differences between a monocot root and a dicot root Pick up the wrong differences and select the correct option.
| Characters | Monocot root | Dicot root | |
| (i) | Vascular bundle | Polyarch i.e. more than 6 vascular bundles | Diarch to hexarch i.e., 2 – 6 Vascular bundles |
| (ii) | Cambium | Absent | Present,so secondary growth occurs |
| (iii) | Pith | Poorly developed | Well developed large pith |
| (iv) | Activity of pericycle | Gives rise to secondary roots and cork cambium | Gives rise to lateral roots only |
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iv)
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)
ANSWER – (C)
- What is the fate of primary xylem in a dicot root showing extensive secondary growth?
(a) It gets crushed
(b) May or may not get crushed
(c) If gets surrounded by primary phlom.
(d) It is retained in the centre of the axis
ANSWER – (D)
- Which one is correct?
(a) Anatomy – Internal morphology, study of internal structure
(b) Tissue – A group of cells having a common origin and usually performing a common function
(c) Permanent tissue has more power of mitosis
(d) A and b
ANSWER – (D)
- Which one produces primary tissues?
(a) Apical meristem (b) Root apical meristem
(c) Shoot apical meristem (d) Lateral meristem
ANSWER – (A)
- Meristems are present in
(a) Root apex and shoot apex (b) Bases of leaves
(c) Axillary buds (d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- During formation of leaves and elongation of stem, some cells ‘left behind’ from the shoot apical meristem, constitute _______.
(a) Lateral meristem (b) Axillary bud
(c) Cork cambium (d) Fascicular cambium
ANSWER – (B)
- A branch or a flowers is developed in the axil of leaves by –
(a) Apical bud (b) Axillary bud
(c) Apical meristem (d) Shoot apical meristem
ANSWER – (B)
- Which one is correct about intercalary meristem?
(a) It occurs between mature tissues
(b) It occurs in grasses and regenerate parts removed by grazing herbivores
(c) It is primary meristem
(d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- All are lateral meristem except –
(a) Fascicular / vascular cambium
(b) Interfascicular cambium
(c) Apical and intercalary meristem
(d) Phellogen
ANSWER – (C)
- Secondary tissue are produced by all except-
(a) Fascicular cambium (b) Interfascicular cambium
(c) Apical meristem (d) Phellogen
ANSWER – (C)
- Permanent tissue consists of cells having no power of cell division. Such tissues are formed by
(a) Primary meristem (b) Cork cambium
(c) Fascicular and interfascicular (d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- Primary tissues of a plant
(a) Add to the length of roots and shoots
(b) Add to the diameter of existing roots and shoots
(c) Are found only in the embryo
(d) Are found only in the seedling
ANSWER – (A)
- Secondary tissues of a plant
(a) Add to the length of roots and shoots
(b) Add to the diameter of existing roots and shoots
(c) Are found only in the embryo
(d) Are found only in the seedling
ANSWER – (B)
- Cells of permanent tissues are specialized
(a) Functionally
(b) Only structurally
(c) Both structurally and functionality
(d) For mitosis
ANSWER – (C)
- During the formation of the primary body, specific regions of the apical meristem produce-
(a) Dermal tissues (b) Ground tissues
(c) Vascular tissues (d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- Apical meristems and intercalary meristem are primary
meristem because they
(a) Are disintegrated after primary growth of plant
(b) Are disintegrated after secondary growth of plant
(c) Appear early in life of a plant and contribute to the
formation of the primary plant body
(d) None
ANSWER – (C)
- Meristem helps in –
(a) Absorption of water (b) Growth of plants
(c) Absorption of minerals (d) Transpiration
ANSWER – (B)
- Grass stem elongates after initial growth due to
(a) Lateral meristem (b) Secondary meristem
(c) Intercalary meristem (d) Apical meristem
ANSWER – (C)
- Meristematic activity occurs at
(a) Vascular tissue (b) Stem apex
(c) Leaf (d) Root hair
ANSWER – (B)
- Root apex is subterminal because it is
(a) Covered with root hair (b) Covered with root cap
(c) Covered with epidermis (d) Under the soil
ANSWER – (B)
- Axillary and terminal buds develop by activity of –
(a) Lateral meristem (b) Intercalary meristem
(c) Apical meristem (d) Parenchyma
ANSWER – (C)
- Which one is secondary lateral meristem?
(a) Intercalary (b) Cork cambium
(c) Interfascicular cambium (d) Both b and c
ANSWER – (D)
- Which one is correct?
(a) Permanent tissues having all cells similar in structure and function are simple tissues
(b) Permanent tissues having different types of cell are
complex tissue
(c) Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma are simple tissue
(d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- I. Forms major component within organs
II. Cell wall – thin, cellulosic
III. Shape of cells – generally isodiametric
IV. Intercellular space – Present / absent
V. Photosynthetic, storage or secretory in function
The above characters are attributed to –
(a) Collenchyma (b) Parenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma (d) Vascular tissue
ANSWER – (B)
- I. Occur as layers or patches
II. Cell wall – Unevenly thickened due to pectocellulosic deposition
III. Cells – Spherical, oval or polygonal
IV. Often has chloroplast
V. Living mechanical tissue
VI. Occur in hypodermis of young dicot stem and petiole
The characters are shown by which of the following tissues
(a) Parenchyma (b) Collenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma (d) Vascular tissue
ANSWER – (B)
- Root hairs are present in
(a) Zone of cell division (b) Zone of cell elongation
(c) Zone of maturation (d) Root cap
ANSWER – (C)
- Dead cells with narrow lumen, lignified cell wall with a few or numerous pits and serving a mechanical function only are called
(a) Collenchyma (b) Xylem
(c) Aerenchyma (d) Sclerenchyma
ANSWER – (D)
- Fibres and sclereids are the types of
(a) Parenchyma (b) Collenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma (d) Xylem
ANSWER – (C)
- The dead, elongated cells having lignified thick cell wall occurring in groups, with tapering ends and serving a mechanical function are called –
(a) Fibres (b) Vessels (c) Tracheids (d) Collenchyma
ANSWER – (A)
- Which of the following statement is incorrect about sclereids (stone cells)
(a) Variously shaped
(b) Highly thickened + lignified cell wall and lumen is narrow
(c) Commonly found in the fruits, wall of nuts, seed coats of legumes and leaves
(d) They are types of parenchyma
ANSWER – (D)
- Xylem
(a) Functions as conducing tissue for water and minerals from root to the stem and leaves
(b) Provides mechanical strength to plant parts
(c) Both
(d) Is absent in pteridophytes
ANSWER – (C)
- Xylem in angiosperms consists of how many types of elements?
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
ANSWER – (A)
- Angiospermic xylem consists of –
(a) Vessels + Tracheids only
(b) Tracheids + Fibres only
(c) Vessel, tracheids, fibres and parenchyma
(d) Parenchyma and fibres only
ANSWER – (C)
- In pteridophytes and gymnosperms, xylem consists of all except
(a) Vessel (b) Tracheid (c) Fibre (d) Parenchyma
ANSWER – (A)
- Tracheid, vessel and sclereids are D similar in that they all
(a) Lack secondary walls (b) Conduct water and minerals
(c) Function when dead (d) Have open ends
ANSWER – (C)
- In each vascular bundle, the tissue nearest to the centre of the stem is
(a) Phloem (b) Fibres (c) Vascular cambium (d) Xylem
ANSWER – (D)
- Conducting cells called _____ elements are the part of xylem where water and minerals are transported
(a) Tracheary (b) Vascular (c) Vessel (d) Phloem
ANSWER – (A)
- Unlike tracheids, vessel elements
(a) Function when dead
(b) Are spindle shaped
(c) Are found primarily in gymnosperms
(d) Lose part or all of the end walls
ANSWER – (D)
- The ______ is the centermost tissue in a dicot stem.
(a) Pith (b) Xylem (c) Phloem (d) Pericycle
ANSWER – (B)
- Tracheids and vessel elements
(a) Die before they become functional
(b) Are important constituents of all plants
(c) Are found in the secondary plant body
(d) Are without lignified cell wall
ANSWER – (A)
- How many tissues are present within dicot root having cortex, endodermis, pericycle, pith, xylem and phloem
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 12
ANSWER – (C)
- I. Multicellular with wide lumen
II. They consists of vertical rows of cells with cross wall dissolved
III. Discontinuous lumen due to presence of end walls
IV. They are dead
V. Cell walls are lignified
VI. Long, cylindrical tube-like structure
VII. Elongated cells with tapering ends
Match the above characters with
- Vessel B. Tracheid
(a) A – I, II, IV, V, VI; B – III, IV, V, VII
(b) A – III, IV, V, VII; B – I, II, IV, V, VI
(c) A – I, IV, V, VII; B – III, II, IV, V, VII
(d) A – I, II, III, IV; B – II, V, VI, VII
ANSWER – (A)
- Which of the following is the living element of xylem?
(a) Fibre (b) Parenchyma (c) Tracheid (d) Vessel
ANSWER – (B)
- Xylem parenchyma stores
(a) Starch (b) Fat (c) Tannins (d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- Ray parenchymatous cells
(a) Are living (b) Are dead
(c) Perform radial conduction of water (d) a and c
ANSWER – (D)
- In angiosperm phloem –
(a) Both the sieve tube elements and companion cells have nuclei
(b) Sieve tube elements have nuclei but companion cells do
not
(c) The companion cells have nuclei but the sieve tube
elements do not
(d) Neither the companion cells nor sieve tube elements have nuclei
ANSWER – (C)
- Sieve tube members have sieve plates where they join with other sieve tube members. Which of the following best
describes the sieve plates?
(a) Sieve plates are necessary to allow conduction between sieve tube cells
(b) Sieve plates allow joining of cytoplasm between adjacent tube cells
(c) Sieve plates are the performed and walls of sieve tubes
(d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- The living and non-lignified component of vascular bundle is / are
(a) Vessel and tracheids
(b) Vessel and phloem
(c) Wood fibre and phloem
(d) Wood parenchyma and sieve tube
ANSWER – (D)
- Match the Column I with Column II –
| Column I | Column II | ||
| I. | Sieve tube | A. | Gymnospermic phloem |
| II. | Companion cell | B. | Angiospermic phloem |
| III. | Albuminous cells | ||
| IV. | Sieve cell | ||
| V. | Parenchyma | ||
| VI. | Fibre | ||
(a) A = I, II, V, VI; B = III, IV, V, VI
(b) A – I, III, IV, V, VI; B = II, III, IV, V, VI
(c) A = III, IV, V, VI; B = I, II, V, VI
(d) A = I, V, VI; B = II, III, IV
ANSWER – (C)
- I. Sieve tube or sieve cell is living but enucleate.
II. Xylem and phloem constitute the vascular bundle.
III. First formed xylem element and phloem element are called metaxylem and metaphloem respectively.
IV. Phloem fibres are generally absent in primary phloem.
V. Phloem parenchyma is absent in most of the monocots.
Which of the above statements is wrong?
(a) I, II, V (b) III (c) IV, V (d) III, IV
ANSWER – (B)
- Which of the following statements is incorrect about companion cell?
(a) It is a specialized parenchymatous cell
(b) Its nucleus controls the function of sieve tube
(c) It helps in maintaining the pressure gradient in sieve tube
(d) It is present in all vascular plants having phloem
ANSWER – (D)
- Heterogeneous tissues are
(a) Vascular and cork cambia
(b) Xylem and phloem elements
(c) Dermal layer and ground tissue
(d) Parenchyma and sclerenchyma
ANSWER – (B)
- At maturity, sieve tubes do not posses
(a) Cell wall (b) Nucleus (c) Cytoplasm (d) Vacuoles
ANSWER – (B)
- Sieve tube is
(a) Multicellular, vessel like structure
(b) Provided with porous septa
(c) The main conducting element for translocation of food
(d) All of the above
ANSWER – (D)
- Complex tissue comprises
(a) Xylem and phloem (b) Heterogeneous tissue
(c) Conductive tissue (d) All of these
ANSWER – (D)
- Albuminous cells of gymnosperms are equivalent to –
(a) Sieve tubes (b) Sieve cells
(c) Companion cells (d) Cork cambium
ANSWER – (C)
- Companion cells are associated with –
(a) Sieve cells (b) Sieve tubes
(c) Albuminous cells (d) Vessels
ANSWER – (B)
- Sieve tubes are best suited for translocation of solutes because
(a) They are much broader than long
(b) They possess no end wall
(c) They have higher number of pits
(d) They possess interconnected lumen
ANSWER – (D)
- Grittiness of fruit in pears is due to –
(a) Presence of Silica (b) Presence of stone cells / sclereids
(c) Presence of raphids (d) Formation of cystolith
ANSWER – (B)
- Which of the following statement about the phloem parenchyma is false?
(a) It is an elongated, spindle-shaped, nucleate cell having dense cytoplasm
(b) Its cell wall is composed of non-cellulosic material
(c) It has pits through which plasmodesmata connections exist between the cells
(d) Besides food, it stores resins, tannins, latex etc
ANSWER – (B)
- I. Sclerenchymatous cells
II. Much elongated, unbranched and tapering ends
III. Needle like shape
IV. Cell wall thick
V. Dead cells
VI. Found in secondary phloem
Which of the following cells is defined by the above
characters?
(a) Sieve tube
(b) Phloem parenchyma
(c) Phloem fibre / bast fibre
(d) Companion or albuminous cell
ANSWER – (C)
- Which of the following bast fibres is of great commercial value?
(a) Jute (b) Flax (c) Hemp (d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- A mature sieve tube –
(a) Possesses a peripheral cytoplasm and no nucleus
(b) Has a large vacuole
(c) Is connected with companion cells by pit fields present between their common longitudinal wall
(d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- On the basis of location and function, how many types of the tissue system are found in vascular plants
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
ANSWER – (B)
- Epidermis is derived from
(a) Ground meristem (b) Procambium
(c) Protoderm (d) Corpus
ANSWER – (C)
- The primary function of epidermis is
(a) Protection (b) Photosynthesis
(c) conduction of water and solute (d) Mechanical support
ANSWER – (A)
- Epidermis consists of _____ and is ____ (layered)
(a) Sclerenchyma, multilayered
(b) Collenchymatous, single layered
(c) Parenchyma, multilayered
(d) Parenchyma, single-layered
ANSWER – (D)
- Excessive loss of water is prevented by
(a) Epidermis (b) Endodermis (c) Cortex (d) Xylem
ANSWER – (A)
- Trichomes, hairs, stomata etc are included under
(a) Ground tissue system (b) Vascular tissue system
(c) Epidermal tissue system (d) None
ANSWER – (C)
- Stomata develop from –
(a) Dermal tissue (b) Ground tissue
(c) Accessory tissue (d) Vascular tissue
ANSWER – (A)
- Guard cells differ from epidermal cells in having
(a) Specific shape (b) Chloroplast
(c) Heterogeneous nature of cell wall (d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- Which of the following statements is false?
I. Epidermal cell has small amount of cytoplasm and a large vacuole
II. Waxy layer cuticle is absent in roots
III. Root hairs are unicellular, while stem hairs / trichomes are multicellular
IV. Trichomes – branched / unbranched, soft /stiff and secretory or transpiration preventive
V. Guard cells are dumbbell-shaped in dicots, and bean-shaped in monocots (e.g. grass)
(a) I (b) IV (c) III (d) V
ANSWER – (D)
- The stomatal apparatus includes
(a) Only stomatal aperture
(b) Stomatal aperture and guard cells
(c) Only guard cells
(d) Stomatal aperture, guard cells and surrounding subsidiary cells
ANSWER – (D)
- Which one is wrong about the guard cell
(a) They are modified ground tissue
(b) They are chlorophyllous
(c) Its outer wall is thin and inner wall is highly thickened
(d) They regulate stomatal movement for transpiration and gaseous exchange
ANSWER – (A)
- Sometimes a few epidermal cells in the vicinity of guard cells become specialized in their shape and size and are known as –
(a) Stomatal aperture (b) Trichomal cell
(c) Subsidiary cells (d) Stomata
ANSWER – (C)
- How many shoot apical meristematic zones are expected in a twig of a plant possessing 9 branches, 39 leaves?
(a) 9 (b) 39 (c) 10 (d) 8
ANSWER – (C)
- Ground / fundamental tissue system is made up of
(a) Parenchyma (b) Collenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma (d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- Ground tissue includes
(a) Cortex + Pericycle (b) Pith
(c) Medullary ray (d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- In leaves, ground tissue consists of
(a) Mesophyll (b) Epidermis
(c) Vascular tissues (d) Guard cells
ANSWER – (A)
- Pit pairs allow plasmodesmata to travel through –
(a) The primary cell wall
(b) The secondary cell wall
(c) Both the primary and secondary cell wall
(d) Neither primary nor secondary cell wall
ANSWER – (A)
- One of the primary function of the ground tissue in a plant is –
(a) Photosynthesis (b) To protect the plant
(c) To anchor the plant (d) Water and sugar conduction
ANSWER – (A)
- In the development of a root, the protoderm gives rise to the
(a) Cortex (b) Root hair (c) Endodermis (d) Pith
ANSWER – (A)
- Plant cells that are photosynthetically active are found in the _______ layer of leaf and are ______ cells –
(a) Epidermis, Parenchymatous
(b) Mesophyll, Parenchymatous
(c) Mesophyll, Sclerenchymatous
(d) Aerenchyma, Collenchymatous
ANSWER – (B)
- Xylem and phloem are present on the same radius, such a vascular bundle is called
(a) Radial (b) Bicollateral (c) Concentric (d) Conjoint
ANSWER – (D)
- When xylem and phloem are arranged in an alternate manner on separate radii, such a vascular bundle is called
(a) Radial (b) Bicollateral (c) Concentric (d) Conjoint
ANSWER – (A)
- Vascular bundle having cambium between the xylem and phloem is called –
(a) Close vascular bundle (b) Open vascular bundle
(c) Conjoint vascular bundle (d) Radial vascular bundle
ANSWER – (B)
- Vascular bundle without cambium is called –
(a) Close vascular bundle (b) Open vascular bundle
(c) Conjoint vascular bundle (d) Radial vascular bundle
ANSWER – (A)
- Which one is not the part of stele?
(a) Pericycle (b) Pith (c) Vascular bundle (d) Co tex
ANSWER – (D)
- In dicot root, initiation of lateral root, and vascular cambium during secondary growth takes place from
(a) Cortex (b) Epidermis (c) Pericycle (d) Xylem
ANSWER – (C)
- The innermost layer of last layer of cortex is called
(a) Pericycle (b) Conjunctive tissue
(c) Endodermis (d) Exodermis
ANSWER – (C)
- I. Unicellular hair
II. Endodermis with passage cells
III. Pith/small / inconspicuous
IV. Radial vascular Bundle
V. Xylem-exarch
VI. 2 – 4 xylem and phloem
The above description refers to which of the following
(a) Monocot root (b) Dicot root
(c) Monocot stem (d) Dicot stem
ANSWER – (B)
- Monocot root differ from dicot root in having
(a) Polyarch xylem bundles
(b) Large and well developed pith
(c) Both
(d) Radial vascular Bundle and exarch xylem
ANSWER – (C)
- In root, the tangential as well as radial walls of the barrel-shaped endodeermal cells have a deposition of water
impermeable, waxy material-suberin in the form of –
(a) Cuticle strips (b) Protein strips
(c) Casparian strips (d) Silicious strips
ANSWER – (C)
- In dicot stem
(a) Vascular bundles are conjoint, open and arranged in a ring
(b) Xylem is endarch
(c) Collenchymatous hypodermis
(d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- Well developed pith is seen in
(a) Monocot root and monocot stem
(b) Dicot root and dicot stem
(c) Monocot root and dicot stem
(d) Dicot root and monocot stem
ANSWER – (C)
- Which one is false about monocot stem?
I. Vascular bundles – scattered, conjoint, close, surrounded by sclerenchymatous bundle sheath and with water cavity
II. Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous
III. Peripheral vascular bundles – Smaller than centrally placed ones
IV. Ground tissue is differentiated into cortex, pericycle, pith, etc
V. Homogeneous parenchymatous ground tissues
(a) I, III, V (b) III, IV (c) IV (d) V
ANSWER – (C)
- Which one is correct about the dicot stem?
(a) Pericycle consists of semilunar sclerenchymatous patches above the phloem and few layers of parenchyma alternatively
(b) It does not show secondary growth
(c) Endodermis is rich in starch, so this is also called starch sheath
(d) a and c
ANSWER – (D)
- Column I
I. Leaf is hypostomatic
II. Mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma
III. Leaf is amphistomatic
IV. Vascular bundle = conjoint and close
V. Mesophyll consists of only spongy parenchyma
VI. Epidermis is cuticularised
VII. Vascular bundles of different sizes
VIII. Vascular bundle of similar size
Column II
A. Dicotyledonous / Dorsiventral leaf
B. Monocotyledonous / Monocot leaf
Which is correctly matched
(a) A = I, IV, V, VI, VII; B = II, III, IV, VI, VIII
(b) A = I, II, IV, VI, VII; B = III, IV, V, VI, VIII
(c) A = III, IV, V, VI, VIII; B = I, II, IV, VI, VIII
(d) A = I, IV, V, VIII; B = II, III, IV, VI, VIII
ANSWER – (B)
- In leaves, protoxylem elements
(a) Face towards adaxial side
(b) Face towards abaxial surface
(c) Are surrounded by metaxylem
(d) Are scattered in the middle
ANSWER – (A)
- In dorsiventral leaf, location of palisade tissue and phloem respective is –
(a) Adaxial and abaxial (b) Abaxial and adaxial
(c) Adaxial and adaxial (d) Abaxial and abaxial
ANSWER – (A)
- In root, starch sheath is equivalent to –
(a) Pericycle (b) Endodermis
(c) Bundle sheath (d) Bundle cap
ANSWER – (B)
- Which one is correct?
(a) In dorsiventral leaf, stomata on lower (abaxial) surface
(b) Protoxylem disintegrates to produce lacuna (lysigenous) in monocot stem
(c) Reticulate venation in dicot leaf, parallel venation in
monocot leaf
(d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- T.S. of dicot stem is stained with iodine with proper
procedure. Which of the following structure is expected to show blue colour-
(a) Endodermis (b) Cortex (c) Pericycle (d) Phloem
ANSWER – (A)
- In dicot stem lateral branch comes out form-
(a) Pericycle (b) Cortex (c) Pith (d) Epidermis
ANSWER – (B)
- Which one is correct about bulliform / motor cell?
(a) It is seen in grasses
(b) It is large-sized, thin-walled colourless, vacoulate cells on the adaxial surface
(c) It helps in rolling of leaf to minimize water loss when it is flaccid
(d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- In young dicot stem, cambium is –
(a) Single layered (b) 2 layered
(c) Multilayered (d) Absent
ANSWER – (A)
- During secondary growth, a complete ring is formed by
(a) Only fascicular cambia
(b) Only interfascicular cambia
(c) Fascicular (vascular) cambia and interfascicular cambia
(d) Fascicular cambia + Phellogen
ANSWER – (C)
- Interfascicular cambia originate from cells of
(a) Medullary ray (b) Cortex
(c) Endodermis (d) Fascicular cambia
ANSWER – (A)
- Vascular cambium form xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside due to
(a) Differential action of hormones (b) Intrafascicular nature
(c) Shearing force of wind (d) Effect of growth A
ANSWER – (A)
- Secondary xylem is
(a) Exarch (b) Endarch (c) Mesarch (d) None
ANSWER – (D)
- Secondary growth occurs due to activity of –
(a) Cork cambium (b) Interfascicular cambium
(c) Vascular cambium (d) Both a and c
ANSWER – (D)
- Amount of secondary xylem formed from cambium is –
(a) 8 times more than phloem
(b) 8 – 10 times more than phloem
(c) 2 times more than phloem
(d) Equal to secondary phloem
ANSWER – (C)
- Which one is correct about the secondary growth?
(a) Youngest secondary phloem is just outside the cambium while youngest secondary xylem inside the cambium
(b) Oldest secondary phloem is just inside the primary phloem while oldest secondary xylem is just above pith
(c) Secondary medullary ray passes through both secondary xylem and secondary phloem
(d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- Which one is a false statement?
(a) The 10 and 20 phloem get gradually crushed due to the continued formation and accumulation of 20 xylem
(b) 10 xylem remains more or less intact in or near the centre
(c) Secondary growth is increase in length of the axis
(d) None
ANSWER – (C)
| A. | Spring wood or early wood | I. | Lighter in colour |
| B. | Autumn wood or late wood | II. | Density high |
| III. | Density low | ||
| IV. | Darker in colour | ||
| V. | Larger number of xylary elements | ||
| VI. | Vessels with wider cavity | ||
| VII. | Lesser number of xylary elements | ||
| VIII. | Vessels with small cavity |
Which of the following matching is correct?
(a) A = II, IV, VII, VIII; B = I, III, V, VI
(b) A = I, II, VII, VIII; B = III, IV, V, VI
(c) A = I, III, V, VI; B = II, IV, VII, VIII
(d) A = I, III, VII, VIII; B = II, IV, V, VI
ANSWER – (C)
- Widening of tree trunk is mostly due to the activity of
(a) Phelloderm (b) Fascicular cambium
(c) 10 xylem (d) 20 phloem
ANSWER – (B)
- Moving from the centre of tree trunk outward, the order of vascular tissues is
(a) 10 xylem → 2°0xylem → vascular cambium → 20 phloem → 10 phloem
(b) 20 xylem → 10 xylem → vascular cambium → 10 phloem → 20phloem
(c) 10 xylem → 20 phloem → 20 xylem → 20 phloem
→ vascular cambium
(d) 10 xylem → 10 phloem → vascular cambium → 20 phloem → 20 xylem
ANSWER – (A)
- Which of the following statements regarding the formation of annual ring is false?
(a) Annual rings are formed as a result of seasonal
environmental conditions
(b) Tracheids / Vessel elements are larger during periods
when water is abundant
(c) Tracheids / Vessels elements have thicker wall during
periods of water deprivation
(d) Wood formed in the previous years is darker than newer wood
ANSWER – (D)
- The activity of cambium is under the control of –
(a) Many physiological factors
(b) Many environmental factors
(c) Both
(d) Only photoperiod
ANSWER – (C)
- One cannot determine the age of a tree by its rings, if that tree is located in which of the following forest
(a) Tropical deciduous (b) Tropical evergreen
(c) Temperate evergreen (d) Temperate deciduous
ANSWER – (B)
- Annual rings are bands of –
(a) Secondary xylem and vascular rays
(b) Secondary phloem and vascular rays
(c) Secondary vascular tissues
(d) Cork and vascular cortex
ANSWER – (A)
- Annual or growth rings consist of –
(a) Alternate rings of heart and early wood
(b) Alternate rings of sapwood and heart wood
(c) Alternate rings of early and late wood
(d) Alternate rings of porous and non-porous wood
ANSWER – (C)
- Autumn wood or late wood is formed
(a) In winter (b) In spring
(c) Throughout the year (d) In rainy season
ANSWER – (A)
- Early wood is formed –
(a) In winter (b) In spring
(c) Throughout the year (d) In Autumn
ANSWER – (B)
- In spring season cambium is ____ active and produces ______ wood.
(a) More, late (b) More, early
(c) Less, late (d) Less, early
ANSWER – (B)
- In winter, season, cambium is ____ active and produces ______ wood.
(a) More, late (b) More, early
(c) Less, late (autumn) (d) Less, early
ANSWER – (C)
- Which is true about heat wood/Duramen?
(i) It does not help in water + mineral conduction
(ii) It is dark coloured but soft
(iii) It has tracheary elements filled with tannins, resins,
gums, oil etc.
(iv) It is a peripheral part
(v) Sensitive to microbes + insects, hence least durable
(a) I, III (b) II, III (c) IV, V (d) III, IV
ANSWER – (A)
- Which is false about sap wood (Alburnum)?
(a) It is peripheral part, lighter in colour
(b) It is involved in ascent of sap
(c) It is sensitive to microbes + insects as it has no deposition of resins, gum, tannins, etc.
(d) None
ANSWER – (D)
- Which one is correct about the cork cambium / phellogen?
(a) Usually cortex of stem forms it during secondary growth of stem
(b) It is a couple of layers thick
(c) It is made up of thin-walled rectangular cells
(d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- Phellogen cuts
(a) Cork / phellogen inside and secondary cortex (phelloderm) outside
(b) Cork outside and phelloderm inside
(c) Both cork and phelloderm inside
(d) Both cork and phelloderm outside
ANSWER – (B)
- Cork is impervious to water due to
(a) Silica in cell wall (b) Caco3 in cell wall
(c) Suberin in cell wall (d) Cuticle in cell wall
ANSWER – (C)
- The collective term for phelloderm (secondary cortex), cork cambium (phellogen) and crok (phellem) is
(a) Pericycle (b) Periderm (c) Protoderm (d) Procambium
ANSWER – (B)
- Annual rings are seen in temperate zone trees because
(a) Xylem cell size varies with season
(b) Heart wood cells alternate with sap wood cells
(c) Xylem activity varies with season
(d) Resin is deposited in the rings in the stem
ANSWER – (A)
- Bark includes
(a) All tissues exterior to vascular cambium
(b) Periderm + Secondary phloem
(c) Both living and dead tissues
(d) All
ANSWER – (D)
- Bark includes
(a) Cork + Phellogen + Phellem + Secondary phloem
(b) Periderm only
(c) Secondary xylem + Secondary phloem
(d) Secondary xylem + Cambial ring + Secondary phloem
ANSWER – (A)
- At places, the cork contains aerating pores called
(a) Stomata (b) Lenticels
(c) Hydathode (d) Pneumatophore
ANSWER – (B)
- A lenticel has loosely arranged parenchymatous cells on the outer side. These cells, cut off by phellogen are called
(a) Complimentary (b) Epithem
(c) Aerenchyma (d) Sclerenchyma
ANSWER – (A)
- Lenticels are spongy regions on the surface of some woody old stem that function in
(a) Gaseous exchange (b) Transpiration
(c) Both (d) Water conservation
ANSWER – (C)
- Bark formed early in the season is called ______ bark and towards the end is called ______ bark.
(a) Hard, soft (b) Soft, hard (c) Scaly, ring (d) Ring, scaly
ANSWER – (B)
- In dicot root, the cambium is
(a) Completely primary in origin
(b) Completely secondary in origin
(c) Primary as well as secondary in origin
(d) Derived from endodermis
ANSWER – (B)
- In dicot root showing secondary growth, cork is ______ formed
(a) Inner to endodermis and external to primary phloem
(b) Outer to endodermis and inner to primary cortex
(c) Inner to endodermis and outer to pericycle
(d) External to primary cortex
ANSWER – (A)
- When secondary growth in thickness is initiated in a dicot
root, which of the following happens first
(a) Portion of conjunctive parenchyma present below the phloem bundle forms cells of vascular cambium
(b) Portion of pericycle above the protoxylem becomes meristematic and forms vascular cambial cells
(c) Both
(d) Cambial initials between the xylem and phloem divide
ANSWER – (C)
- In dicot root, cork cambium is formed A by
(a) Cortex (b) Hypodermis (c) Pericycle (d) Epidermis
ANSWER – (C)
- In the diagram of the cross-section of the vascular bundle of monocot stem given aside, different parts have been indicated by alphabets; choose the answer in which these alphabets have been correctly matched with the parts which they indicate.
(a) A = Bundle sheath, B = Broken phloem, C – Metaphloem, D = Metaxylem, E = Protoxylem, F = Xylem parenchyma, G = Lysigenous cavity
(b) A = Bundle cap, B = Metaphloem, C = Protophloem, D = Protoxylem, E = Metaxylem, F = Lysigenous cavity, G = Xylem parenchyma
(c) A = Bundle sheath, B = Primary phloem, C = Secondary phloem, D = Primary xylem, E = Secondary xylem,
F = Xylem fibres, G = Hydathode
(d) A = Bundle cap, B = Metaxylem, C = Metaphloem, D = Protoxylem, E = Protophloem, F = Lysigenous cavity, G = Xylem parenchyma
ANSWER – (A)
- Refer to the accompanying figure and identify the structures indicated in the drawing of root apex
(a) A – Vascular structure, B – Protoderm, C – Root cap
(b) A – Cortex, B – Endodermis, C – Root cap
(c) A – Cortex, B – Protoderm, C – Root cap
(d) A – Tunica, B – Protoderm, C – Root cap
ANSWER – (C)