18 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION QUESTION
18 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION QUESTION
Which of the following use water from their environment as circulating fluid –
(A) Sponges
(B) Coelenterates
(C) a and b
(D) Fishes
Blood, a special type of connective tissue
(A) Consists of a fluid matrix (Plasma)
(B) Has formed elements
(C) Is the most commonly used body fluid by most of the higher organisms
(D) All
Plasma is a straw coloured, viscous fluid constituting nearly % of blood –
(A) 55
(B) 45
(C) 90
(D) 10
The amount of water present in blood plasma is –
(A) 99%
(B) 90-92%
(C) 10%
(D) 55%
I. Proteins contribute 6 – 8% of the blood plasma
II. Plasma contains very high amount of minerals
Ill. Plasma without the clotting factors is called serum
IV Glucose, amino acids, lipids, etc., are also present in the plasma as they are always in transit in the body. Of the above statements –
(A) All are correct
(B) Only II is false
(C) Only I, III, IV is correct
(D) All are false
Match List I with List II and select the correct option
List I (Plasma protein) |
List II (Functions) |
||
| I. | Fibrinogen | A. | Defense mechanism |
| II. | Globulins | B. | Osmotic balance |
| Ill. | Albumins | C. | Coagulation of blood |
(A) I-C, II-A, III-B (B) I-A, II-C, III-B (C) I-C, II-B, III-A (D) l-B, II-A, III-C
Formed elements of blood include –
(A) RBC, WBC and blood platelets (B) All solutes present in blood
(C) Proteins present in blood (D) All minerals (elements)
Which of the following statements is false?
(A) Erythrocytes/RBC are the least abundant of all the cells in blood.
(B) The number of RBCs in adult man per mm3 of blood is 5 million to 5.5. million.
(C) RSC are formed in the red bone marrow in the adults.
(D) RBCs are enucleate in most of the mammals.
Life span of human RBC is –
(A) 120 hours (B) 120 month (C) 120 days (D) 102 days
What is the amount of haemoglobin present in 100 ml blood of human blood?
(A) 45g (B) 18-20g (C) 12-16g (D) 10 -12g
Mammalian RBCs are in shape-
(A) Oval (B) Biconvex (C) biconcave (D) Sickle like
All of the following statement are correct about WBCs except –
(A) They are nucleate and least constancy in shape
(B) They are lesser in number (6000 – 8000 per mm3 blood)
(C) They are generally short lived
(D) They help in blood clotting
All of the following are granulocytes except-
(A) Neutrophils (B) Eosinophils
(C) Basophils only (D) Lymphocytes and monocytes
Match list I with list II correctly –
List I(Types of leucocytes/ WBCs) |
List II(Their% (of total WBC) |
||
| I. | Neutrophils | A. | 20 – 25 |
| II. | Basophils | B. | 2 – 3 |
| Ill. | Monocytes | C. | 6 – 8 |
| IV. | Eosinophils | D. | 0.5 – 1 |
| V. | Lymphocytes | E. | 60 – 65 |
(A) I – E, II – D, III – C, IV -A, V – B (B) I -A, II – B, III – C, IV – E, V – D
(C) I – E, II – D, III – C. IV – B, V –A (D) I – B, II – D, III -A, IV – C, V –A
Match the following –
| Column I | Column II | ||
| I. | Basophils | A. | Phagocytes |
| II. | Neutrophils | B. | Secrete histamine, serotonin , heparin and involved in inflammatory response |
| III. | Monocytes | C. | Resist infections and are also involved in allergic reaction |
| IV. | Eosinophils | D. | Immunity |
| V. | Lympho cytes |
(A) I – B, II and III -A, IV – C, V – D (B) I – B, II and III – C, IV -A, V – D
(C) I – C, II and III -A, IV – B, V – D (D) I – D, II and III -C, IV -A, V – B
Megakaryocytes produce-
(A) Leucocytes (B) Lymphocytes
(C) Bone cells (D) Blood platelets (thrombocytes)
Which of the following is cell fragments?
(A) Leucocytes (B) RBCs (C) Blood platelets (D) None
1 mm3 blood has how many blood platelets?
(A) 150000 – 350000 (B) 1.5 million to 3.5 million
(C) 1500-3000 (D) 10 to 15 lacs
During blood clotting, platelets release –
(A) Thrombin
(B) Fibrinogen
(C) Prothrombin
(D) Thrombokinase and other blood clotting factor
Find the correct descending order of proportion of leucocytes in human blood.
(A) Neutrophils → Basophils →Lymphocytes → Acidophils (Eosinophils) Monocytes
(B) Neutrophils → Monocytes→Lymphocytes→ Acidophils → Basophils
(C) Neutrophils →Lymphocytes→ Monocytes → Acidophils → Basophils
(D) Neutrophils → Acidophils → Basophils → Lymphocytes → Monocytes
Assertion – A physician might order a white cell count for a patient with symptoms of an
infection.
Reason- An increase in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) may indicate that the person is combating an infection.
A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertio
B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of assertion
C) Assertion is true but reason is fal
D) Both assertion and reason are fal
ABO blood grouping is based on the presence or absence of surface antigens
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 12
Fill up gaps given below in the table-
|
| I | II | III | IV | |
| (a) | Nil | Nil | Nil | O |
| (b) | Nil | Nil | Anti-A,B | AB |
| (c) | Nil | Anti-A,B | Nil | O |
| (d) | Nil | Nil | Anti-A,B | O |
Which of the following blood groups is universal donor and universal acceptors respectively?
(A) AB, O (B) O, AB (C) AB, A (D) A, AB
Which of the following representations is correct about blood groups and donor compatibility?
Rh factor is concerned with blood grouping. It derives its name from-
(A) Man (B) Chimpanzee (C) Monkey D) Rat
Rh factor is responsible for-
(A) Sickle cell anemia (B) Erythroblastosis foetalis
(C) AIDS (D) Turner syndrome
In developing foetus, erythroblastosis foetalis is caused by-
(A) Haemolysis (B) Clumping of RBCs
(C) Failure of blood clotting (D) Phagocytosis by WBC
In erythroblastosis foetalis, which of the following factors passes through placenta into foetus –
(A) Rh antigens (B) Rh antibodies (C) Agglutinins (D) ABO antibodies
A doctor suggested to a couple not to have more than one child because of –
(A) Rh+ male and Rh- female (B) Rh- male and Rh+ female
(C) Rh- male and Rh- female (D) Rh+ male and Rh+ female
In case of emergency which blood group could be safely transfused?
(A) AB Rh- (B) AB Rh+ (C) O Rh- (D) O Rh+
Which of the following is expected if husband is Rh+ and wife is Rh-?
(A) No problem with 1st pregnancy
(B) Problem would be expected with future pregnancies
(C) Both
(D) No problem could be expected in any pregnancy
Which of the following statements is correct?
(A) Rh compatibility must be tested before pregnancy establishment and blood transfusion
(B) Rh antibodies can cross placenta
(C) At the time of 1st delivery some of Rh+
RB Cs from the baby (Rh+) mix the mother’s blood (Rh-) due to tear in placenta mother’s blood for Rh- antibodies
(D) All
What is the correct order of these events?
I. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
2. Clot retraction and leakage of serum
3. Thromboplastin formation
4. Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
(A) 3,2,1, 4 (B) 3,4,1,2 (C) 3,4,2,1 D) 4,1,3,2
Which of the following statement are correct?
I. Ca+2 is necessary for blood coagulation
II. Coagulation in blood vessel is prevented during normal condition by heparin
III. Clotting of blood involves changes of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin
IV. Blood clotting involves cascading process involving a number of factors present in the active form always
(A) I, Ill, IV (B) II, IV (C) I, II, Ill (D) Ill, IV
Which of the following pathways is correct for blood clotting
Which of following statements is wrong about lymph.
I. Lymph is colourful as it has haemoglobin but no RBC
II. The fluid present in lymphatic system is called lymph
III. It contains specialized lymphocytes which are responsible for immunity of the body
IV. Lymph is an important carrier for nutrients and hormones
V. Fats are absorbed through lymph in the lacteals present in the intestinal villi
(A) Only I (B) III and IV (C) II and III (D) Only IV
Which of the following statements is correct?
I. Lymphatic system collects tissue fluid/interstitial fluid and drains it back to the major veins
II. Interstitial fluid (tissue fluid) and lymph have almost similar composition
III. Lymph and interstitial fluid have no larger proteins and RBC
IV. Exchange of nutrients and gases, etc. between the blood and cells always occurs through tissue flu id
V. Interstitial fluid has the same mineral distribution as that in plasma
VI. Lymph can be defined as blood minus RBC but has specialized lymphocytes
(A) All (B) Only III and IV (C) V and VI (D) I, III, V
Open circulatory system is found in –
(A) Arthropods and molluscs (B) Annelids and Chordates
(C) Annelids and arthropods (D) Fishes and molluscs
Closed circulatory system is found in –
(A) Arthropod and chordates (B) Molluscs and chordates
(C) Amphibians and molluscs D) Annelids and chordates
In an open circulatory system –
(A) There is no heart
(B) There is no need of blood vessels
(C) There is no distinction between blood and tissue fluid
(D) There are no open spaces or sinuses in the body
Advantages of closed circulatory system over open circulatory system includes which of the following?
(A) Closed system can direct blood to specific tissues
(B) Exchange occurs more rapidly
(C) Close circulatory system can support higher levels of metabolic activity
(D) All
Which of the following statements is wrong about the closed circulatory system?
(A) Blood remains within blood vessels and never comes in direct contact with the body cells
(B) In it flow of fluid can be more precisely regulated
(C) There is no blood capillary
(D) Blood flow is more rapid due to higher pressure
Following are figures of hearts in different animals
A= Auricle
V = Ventricle
Identify with their characteristic hearts –
| I | II | III | IV | |
| a) | Fishes | Reptiles | All reptiles | Birds, Mammals |
| (b) | Fishes | Birds | Reptiles, birds | Mammal |
| (c) | Fishes | Amphibians | Reptiles | Crocodiles, Birds, Mammals |
| (d) | Fishes | Crocodiles | Amphibi ans, Reptiles | Birds, Mammals |
In fishes the blood circulation is represented as
The above flow of blood indicates it is a
(A) Double circulation
(B) Single circulation
(C) Incomplete single circulation
(D) Incomplete double circulation
Incomplete double circulation is found in which of the following animals?
(A) Birds
(B) Mammals
(C) Birds and Mammals
(D)Amphibians and Reptiles
Which of the following statements is not true?
(A) Heart is ectodermal in origin
(B) In human beings heart is situated in the thoracic cavity, in between the two lungs slightly lifted to the left
(C) Human heart has the size of a clenched fist.
(D) Double wall membranous bag (pericardium) with pericardia! fluid protects heart
Which of the following is correct about human heart?
(A) The volume of both atria> the volume of both ventricles
(B) The volume of both ventricle > the volume of both atria
(C) The volume of both atria= the volume of both ventricles
(D) Ventricles are upper chambers and atria are lower chambers in our heart
Bicuspid valve/mitral valve is found between –
(A) Left atrium and left ventricle
(B) Right atrium and right ventricle
(C) Right atrium and left ventricle
(D) Left atrium and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve is present between the-
(A) Two atria (B) Two ventricles
(C) Left atrium and left ventricle (D) Right atrium and right ventricle
Chordae tendinae are found in –
(A) Joints (B) Atria of heart
(C) Ventricles of heart (D) Ventricles of brain
Ventricles are thick-walled as compared to atrium because –
(A) It is to receive blood from atria (B) It is present on the posterior side
(C) It is to pump blood (D) None
Which of the following has thickest wall?
(A) Left auricle (B) Left ventricle (C) Right auricle (D) Right ventricle
Match the following.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | Superior vena cava | p. | carries deoxygenated blood to lungs |
| B. | Inferior
vena cava |
q. | carries oxygenated
blood from lungs |
| C. | Pulmonary artery | r. | brings deoxygenated blood from lower part of body to right atrium |
| D. | Pulmonary vein | s. | bring deoxygenated blood from upper part of body to right atrium |
(A) A – q, B – s, C – r, D – p (B) A – s, B – p, C – q, D – r
(C) A- s, B – r, C – p, D – q (D) A – s, B – p, C – r, D – q
Origin of heart beat and its conduction is represented by –
A) SA-node → Purkinje fibres → AV-node→ Bundle of His
B) AV-node→ Bundle of His→ SA- node→ Purkinje fibres
C) Purkinje fibres→ AV-node→ SA- node→ Bundle of His
D) SA-node→ AV- node→ Bundle of His→ Purkinje fibres
‘Heart of heart’ is –
(A) SA – node (B) AV – node (C) Bundle of his (D) Purkinje fibres
SA node is located in –
(A) Upper lateral wall of left atrium (B) Lower lateral wall of left atrium
(C) Lower lateral wall of right atrium (D) Upper lateral wall of right atrium
SA node is called pace maker of the heart. Why?
(A) It can change contractile activity generated by AV node
(B) It delays the transmission of impulse between the atria and ventricles
(C) It gets stimulated when it receives neural signal
(D) It initiates and maintains the rhythmic contractile activity of heart
Sino-atrial node (SAN) can generate impulses
(A) 70 – 75 min-1 (B) 50 – 55 min-1 (C) 35 – 40 min-1 (D) 100-150 min-1
The impulse of heart beat originate from –
(A) SAN (B) AVN (C) Vagus nerve (D) Cardiac nerve
Rate of heart is determined by-
(A) SAN (B) AVN (C) Purkinje fibres (D) Bundle of His
Bundle of His is a group of-
(A) Ganglia (B) Nerve fibres (C) Muscular fibres (D) Connective tissue
Bundle of His / AV-bundle found in –
(A) Right auricle (B) Left auricle
(C) Bone (D) lnterventricular septum
Atria-ventricular node (AVN) is situated in
(A) Lower left corner of left auricle, close to AV-septum
(B) Lower left corner of right auricle, close to AV-septum
(C) Upper left corner of right auricle, close to AV-septum
(D)Upper left corner of left auricle, close to AV-septum
Purkinje fibres are present in –
(A) Left auricle (B) Right auricle
(C) Ventricular myocardium (D) SAN
The chordae tendinae-
(A) Close the AV-valves
(B) Prevent the AV-valves flaps from everting
(C) Open semilunar valves
(D)Are present in auricles
Which of the following correctly traces the electrical impulses that trigger each heart beat
A) Pacemaker → AV node→ Atria → Ventricles
B) Pacemaker → Atria → AV node → Ventricles
C) AV node → Pacemaker → Auricles →Ventricles
D) Ventricle→ pacemaker→ AV node→ Auricle
An atrioventricular valve prevents the back flow or leakage of blood from –
(A) The right ventricle into the right atrium
(B) The left atrium into the left ventricle
(C) The aorta into the left ventricle
(D) The pulmonary vein into the right atrium
How many double circulations are normally completed by the human heart in one minute?
(A) 8 (B) 16 (C) 36 (D) 72
Assertion- If you trace the path of a molecule of carbon dioxide that starts in an arteriole in the right thumb and leaves the body in exhaled air, the minimum number of capillary beds the molecule encountered is 2.
Reason- The molecule of carbon dioxide would need to enter a capillary bed in the thumb before returning to the right atrium and ventricle, then travel to the lung and enter a capillary from which it would diffuse into an alveolus and be available to be exhaled.
A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertio
B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of assertio
C) Assertion is true but reason is fal
D) Both assertion and reason are false
The duration of cardiac cycle in a normal man is
(A) 0.8 seconds (B) 80 seconds (C) 60 seconds (D) 72 seconds
During systole of heart –
A) Only atria contract
B) only ventricles contract
C) Auricles and ventricles contract separately
D) Auricles and ventricles contract simultaneously
During ventricular systole –
(A) Oxygenated blood is pumped into the aorta and deoxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery
(B) Oxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and deoxygenated blood is
pumped into the artery
(C) Oxygenated blood is pumped into aorta and deoxygenated blood is pumped into pulmonary vein
(D) Oxygenated blood is pumped into pulmonary vein and deoxygenated blood is pumped into pulmonary artery
Contraction of right ventricle pumps blood into-
(A) Dorsal aorta (B) Pulmonary vein
(C) Coronary artery (D) Pulmonary artery
When ventricular systole occurs –
(A) Auricular diastole coincides
(B) Tricuspid and bicuspid valves close
(C) Semilunar valves guarding pulmonary artery and aorta are forced to open
(D) All
During cardiac cycle about % of ventricular filling occurs prior to atrial contraction. % ventricular filling occurs due to atrial contraction –
(A) 50, 50 (B) 70, 30 (C) 30, 70 (D) 10, 90
Which of the following events do not occur during joint diastole?
I. All 4 chambers of heart are in relaxed state
II. Tricuspid and bicuspid valves open
III. Action potential is conducted from SAN to AVN
IV. Blood from the pulmonary veins and vena cava flows into the left and right ventricles respectively through the left and right atria
V. The Semilunar valves are closed
(A) Only V (B) Only III (C) Only IV (D) Only I and II
The accompanying diagram shows three stages in the cardiac cycle- Which of the following sequence is correct?
(A) 2,3, 1 (B)1,2, 3 (C) 2, 1, 3 (D) 3,1, 2
Cardiac output is determined by –
(A) Heart rate (B) Stroke volume (C) Blood flow (D) Both a and b
The amount of blood to be pumped out by each ventricle/minute is-
(A) Stroke volume (B) Cardiac output (C) Tidal volume (D) Residual volume
During cardiac cycle each ventricle pumps out about 70 ml of blood which is called –
(A) Stroke volume (B) Cardiac output (C) Tidal volume (D) Residual volume
A red blood cell, entering the right side of the heart passes by or through the following structures –
1. Atrioventricular valves
2. Semi-lunar valves
3. Right atrium
4. Right ventricle
5. SAN
A) 2→3→1→4→5 B) 3→1→5→2→4 C) 3→5→1→2→4 D) 5→3→1→4→2
Cardiac output is –
(A) Stroke volume (SV) x Heart rate (HR)= 5L/ min
(B) SV x HR= 500 ml
(C) SV x HR= 72 ml/min
(D) SV x HR= 70 ml/min
Which of the following statement is not true?
(A) Cardiac output of an athlete is much higher than that of an ordinary man
(B) In each minute a single cardiac cycle is performed
(C) Cardiac sounds are of clinical diagnostic significances
(D) Cardiac cycle includes Auricular systole, ventricular systole and joint diastole/complete diastole
First cardiac sound (lub) is associated with
(A) Closure of tricuspid and bicuspid valves
(B) Opening of tricuspid and bicuspid valves
(C) Closure of semilunar valves
(D) Opening of semi lunar valves
Which of the following statement is wrong for second cardiac sound?
(A) It is heard as dup
(B) It is produced due to closure of semilunar valves
(C) It is clinically significant
(D) It is clinically non-significant
Assertion – The AV node delay the electrical impulse moving from the SA node and the atria to the ventricles.
Reason- The delay allows the atria to empty completely, filling ventricles fully before they contract.
A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertio
B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of assertio
C) Assertion is true but reason is fal
D) Both assertion and reason are fal
Assertion – After exercising regularly for several months, our resting heart rate decreases, but our cardiac output at rest is unchanged.
Reason- The heart, like any other muscle, becomes stronger through regular exercise. The stronger heart would have a lesser stroke volume, which would allow for the decrease in heart rate.
A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertio
B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of assertio
C) Assertion is true but reason is fal
D) Both assertion and reason are false
Electrocardiogram is a measure of-
(A) Heart rate (B) Ventricular contraction
(C) Volume of blood pumped (D) Electrical activity of heart
Which of the following is a false statement?
(A) ECG is of a great clinical significance
(B) Electrocardiograph is the recording of electrical changes during the cardiac cycle
(C) To obtain a standard ECG, a patient is connected to the machine with 3 electrical electrodes (one to each wrist and to the left ankle)
(D) Normal activities of the heart are regulated intrinsically
P-wave represents –
(A) Depolarization of ventricles (B) Repolarization of ventricle
(C) Repolarization of atria (D) Depolarization of atria
QRS complex represents the –
(A) Depolarization of ventricles (B) Repolarization of ventricles
(C) Repolarization of atria (D) Depolarization of atria
T wave on an ECG represents –
(A) Depolarization of ventricles (B) Repolarization of ventricle
(C) Repolarization of atria (D) Depolarization of atria
The below figure is the diagrammatic representation of standard ECG. 
| Column I | Column II | |||
| A. | P- wave | I. | Ventricular depolarization followed by ventricular contraction | |
| B. | QRS Complex | II. | Atrial depolarization followed by systole of both atria | |
| C. | T- wave | III. | Ventricular
repolarization followed by ventricular relaxation |
(A) A-I, B-II, C-III (B)A-III, B -II, C-I (C) A-II, B – I. C – III (D) A-II, B-III, C – I
Match the Column I with Column II –
Which of the following options represents the pulmonary circulation in human being –
Which of the following options represent correct systemic circulation in human being-
Note the following blood vessels –
Choose the correct path that lists the blood vessels in. order, blood passes through them as it leaves the heart, travels to tissue and returns to heart –
(A) C, D, B, A, E, F (B) C, D, A, B, F, E (C) D, C, A, B, E, F (D) D, C, B, A, E, F
Identify X, Y and Z?
| X | Y | Z | |
| (a) | Vein | Artery | Capillary |
| (b) | Capillary | Artery | Vein |
| (c) | Artery | Capillary | Vein |
| (d) | Vein | Capillary | Artery |
Systemic circulation –
(A) Provides nutrient, and other essential substances to the tissues
(B) Takes and other harmful substances away for elimination
(C) Both a and b
(D) Carries blood from heart to lungs
The blood circulation which starts and ends into capillaries is –
(A) Portal circulation (B) Renal circulation
(C) Hepatic circulation (D) Lymphatic circulation
Vascular connection between the digestive tracts and liver is called –
(A) Hepatic circulation (B) Hepatic-portal system
(C) Both a and b (D) Hepatic sinusoid
The hepatic-portal vein carries blood from to the ____ before it is delivered to the systemic circulation-
(A) Liver, intestine (B) Pancreas, intestine
(C) Intestine, liver (D) Hepatic artery, hepatic vein
A special coronary system of blood vessels present in our body exclusively for the circulation of blood to and from the-
(A) Corneocytes (B) Cornea
(C) Cori cycle (D) Heart/Cardiac musculature
Assertion- The heart of a normally developing human fetus has a hole between the left and right atria. In some cases, this hole does not close completely before birth. If the hole weren’t surgically corrected, the content would be abnormally low.
Reason- In this case, some oxygen depleted blood returned to the right atrium from the systemic circuit would mix with the oxygen rich blood in the left atrium.
A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of
C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
D) Both assertion and reason are false
Assertion – There is low velocity of blood flow in the capillaries.
Reason – There is large total cross sectional area of the capillaries.
A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of
B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of assertion.
C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
D) Both assertion and reason are false
Cardiac centre lies in –
(A) Medulla oblongata (B) Pons
(C) Cerebrum (D) Epithalamus
Cardiac centre can moderate. the cardiac functions through –
(A) Somatic neural system (B) Parasympathetic nervous system only
(C)Autonomic nervous system (ANS) (D) Sympathetic nervous system only
Neural signal through the sympathetic nerve (part of ANS) increases cardiac output because of-
(A) Increasing the rate of heart beat
(B) Increasing the strength of ventricular contraction
(C) Both a and b
(D) Increasing the stimulation of vagus nerve
Parasympathetic neural signal decreases cardiac output by –
(A) Decreasing the rate of heart beat
(B) Decreasing the speed conduction of action potential
(C) Both
(D) Increasing adrenal medulla hormones secretion
Heart beat increases –
(A) On stimulation of sympathetic nerves
(B) On stimulation of vagus nerve (para sympathetic nerve)
(C) By adrenaline secreted by adrenal medulla
(D) Both a and c
In adult, normal blood pressure is –
(A) 80/120 mmHg (B) 100/80 mmHg (C) 120/80 mmHg (D) 100/ 120 mmHg
Normal BP= 120 / 80 mmHg in an adult. In this measurement 120 mmHg is the____ pressure and 80 mmHg is _______ pressure-
(A) Diastolic, systolic (B) Systolic, diastolic
(C) Pulse, diastolic (D) Pulse, systolic
Which one indicates B.P or hypertension?
(A) 120/ 80 mmHg (B) 80/120 mmHg
(C) 140/90 mmHg or higher (D) 40/60 mm Hg
Match the Column I with Column II –
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | Heart failure | I. | Heart muscle is
suddenly damaged by an inadequate blood supply |
| B. | Cardiac arrest | II. | Chest pain due to inadequate 0 2 reaching the heart muscles |
| C. | Heart Attack | III. | Atherosclerosis |
| D. | Coronary
Artery disease (CAD) |
IV | Heart not pumping
blood effectively enough to meet the needs of the body |
| E. | Angina pectoris | V. | Heart stops beating |
| A | B | C | D | E | |
| (a) | IV | V | III | I | II |
| (b) | V | IV | I | II | II |
| (c) | IV | V | III | I | III |
| (d) | V | IV | I | III | I |
It is often referred as atherosclerosis, affects the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscles. It is caused by deposition of Ca, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues making the lumen of arteries narrow –
The above facts are related to-
(A) CAD (B) SCIO (C) Blue baby (D) Heart arrest
Assertion – Nitroglycerin relieve chest pain caused by narrowing of the cardiac arteries.
Reason – The chest pain results from inadequate blood flow in coronary arteries. Vasodilation promoted by nitric oxide from nitroglycerin increases blood flow, providing the heart muscle with additional oxygen and thus relieving the pain.
A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion
B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of assertio
C) Assertion is true but reason is fal
D) Both assertion and reason are false
Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below.
Column I Column II
Fibrinogen (i) Osmotic balance
Globulin (ii) Blood clotting
Albumin (iii) Defence mechanism
(a) A-(iii); B-(ii); C-(i) (b) A-(i); B-(ii); C-(iii) (c) A-(ii); B-(iii); C-(i) (d) A-(i); B-(iii); C-(ii)
Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I Column II
Tricuspid valve i. Between left atrium and left ventricle
Bicuspid valve ii. Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Semilunar valve iii. Between right atrium and right ventricle
(a) A-(iii); B-(i); C-(ii) (b) A-(i); B-(iii); C-(ii) (c) A-(ii); B-(i); C-(iii) (d) A-(i); B-(ii); C-(iii)
Adult human RBCs are enucleated. Which of the following statement(s) is/are most appropriate explanation for this feature?
(1) They do not need to reproduce. (2) They are somatic cells.
(3) They do not metabolize. (4) All their internal space is available for oxygen transport.
(a) Only (1) (b) (1), (3) and (4) (c) (2) and (3) (d) Only (4)
Reduction in pH of blood will
(a) reduce the rate of heart beat. (b) reduce the blood supply to the brain.
(c) decrease the affinity of haemoglobin with oxygen. (d) release bicarbonate ions by the liver.
Blood pressure in the pulmonary artery is
(a) same as that in the aorta. (b) more than that in the carotid.
(c) more than that in the pulmonary vein. (d) less than that in the venae cavae.
Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Serum = Blood + Fibrinogen (b) Lymph = Plasma + RBC + WBC
(c) Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC (d) Plasma = Blood – Lymphocytes
Erythropoiesis starts in :
(a) Liver (b) Spleen (c) Red bone marrow (d) Kidney
Doctors use stethoscope to hear the sounds produced during each cardiac cycle. The second sound is heard when
(a) ventricular wall vibrate due to gushing in of blood from atria.
(b) semilunar valves close down after the blood flows into vessels from ventricles.
(c) AV node receives signal from SA node.
(d) AV valves open up.
Blood pressure in the mammalian aorta is maximum during
(a) diastole of the right ventricle. (b) systole of the left ventricle.
(c) diastole of the right atrium. (d) systole of the left atrium.
Which one of the following animals has two separate circulatory pathways?
(a) Lizard (b) Whale (c) Shark (d) Frog
How do parasympathetic neural signals affect the working of the heart?
(a) Reduce both heart rate and cardiac output.
(b) Heart rate is increased without affecting the cardiac output.
(c) Both heart rate and cardiac output increase. (d) Heart rate decreases but cardiac output increases.
What would be the heart rate of a person if the cardiac output is 5L, blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole is 100 mL and at the end of ventricular systole is 50 mL?
(1) 50 beats per minute (2) 75 beats per minute (3) 100 beats per minute (4) 125 beats per minute
Match the Column – I with Column -II
Column – I Column – II
(a) P-wave (i) Depolarisation of ventricles
(b) QRS complex (ii) Repolarisation of ventricles
(c) T-wave (iii) Coronary ischemia
(d) Reduction in the size (iv) Depolarisation of of T-wave atria
(v) Repolarisation of atria
Select the correct option-
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (2) (iv) (i) (ii) (v) (3) (ii) (i) (v) (iii) (4) (ii) (iii) (v) (iv)
In a marriage between male with blood group A and female with blood group B, the progeny had either blood group AB or B. What could be the possible genotype of parents?
(1) IAi (Male) : IBIB(Female) (2) IAIA (Male) : IBIB(Female)
(3) IAIA(Male) : IBi (Female) (4) IAi (Male) : IBi (Female)
All the components of the nodal tissue are autoexcitable. Why does the SA node act as the normal pacemaker?
(1) SA node has the lowest rate of depolarisation.
(2) SA node is the only component to generate the threshold potential.
(3) Only SA node can convey the action potential to the other components.
(4) SA node has the highest rate of depolarisation.
A specialised nodal tissue embedded in the lower corner of the right atrium, close to Atrio-ventricular septum, delays the spreading of impulses to heart apex for about 0.1 sec. The delay allows.
(1) blood to enter aorta. (2) the ventricles to empty completely.
(3) blood to enter pulmonary arteries. (4) the atria to empty completely.
Which of the following conditions cause erythroblastosis foetalis ?
(1) Mother Rh+ve and foetus Rh–ve (2) Mother Rh–ve and foetus Rh+ve
(3) Both mother and foetus Rh–ve (4) Both mother and foetus Rh+ve
Match the following columns and select the correct option
Column – I Column – II
(a) Eosinophils (i) Immune response
(b) Basophils (ii) Phagocytosis
(c) Neutrophils (iii) Release histaminases, destructive enzymes
(d) Lymphocytes (iv) Release granules containing histamine
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
(ii) (i) (iii) (iv) 2. (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
(iv) (i) (ii) (iii) 4. (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
The QRS complex in a standard ECG represents :
1) Repolarisation of ventricles 2) Repolarisation of auricles
3) Depolarisation of auricles 4) Depolarisation of ventricles
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of inactive fibrinogens to fibrins
Renin 2. Epinephrine 3. Thrombokinase 4. Thrombin
Persons with ‘AB’ group are called as “Universal recipients”. This is due to:
1) Absence of antigens A and B in plasma 2) Presence of antibodies, anti-A and anti-B on RBCs
3) Absence of antibodies, anti-A and anti-B in plasma
4)Absence of antigens A and B on the surface of RBCs
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The coagulum is formed network of threads called thrombins.
Statement II: Spleen is the graveyard of erythrocytes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1) Both Statements I and Statement II are correct
2) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
Which one of the following statements is correct?
1) The atrio-ventricular node (AVN) generates an action potential to stimulate atrial contraction
2) The tricuspid and bicuspid valves open due to the pressure exerted by the simultaneous contraction of the atria
3) Blood moves freely from atrium to the ventricle during joint diastole.
4) Increased ventricular pressure causes closing of the semilunar valves.