35 ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS QUESTIONS
ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS QUESTIONS
Who is the Indian father of Ecology?
A) E. hackle B) Ramdeo Mishra C) P. odum D) Tansley
For what is the interaction among organisms is necessary
A) Recreation B) Reproduction C) Survival D) Both B and C
Basic unit of ecological hierarchy is-
A) Population B) Community C) Ecosystem D) Organism
Identify the following which is not correctly matched –
Biome |
Mean annual temp.(.c) |
Mean annual precipitation (em) |
|
| 1) | Tropical forest | 20 – 25 | 130 – 430 |
| 2) | Artic and alpine | -12 – 2 | 10 – 125 |
| 3) | Coniferous forest | -5 – 5 | 100 – 200 |
| 4) | Temperate forest | 8 – 22 | 5 – 225 |
A) 3 B) 1 C) 2 D) 4
Different biomes are formed due to annual variations in _______ over the earth’s surface
A) Temperature B) Precipitation
C) Incident of solar radiation D) All of these
Deserts, rainforests, tundra, etc. are example of –
A) Community B) Niche C) Biomes D) Ecosystem
The key element that determines difference in environment conditions of different habitats include.
A) Temperature B) Light C) Soil D) All of these
Study the following statement and select the correct ones. –
i) Organisms capable to tolerate a wide range of temperature are called stenothermal organisms.
ii) Thermal tolerance of different species determines their geographical distribution to a large extent.
iii) Average temperature in tropical desert in summer is <50ºC.
iv) Thermal spring cannot sustain life due to very high avg. temperature i.e. >100ºC.
A) ii B) i, iii, iv C) i, ii, iv D) iv
Organism which tolerate narrow range of temperature-
A) Stenothermal B) Eurithermal C) Eurihaline D) None of these
Mango tree do not grow in
A) Temperate country B) Tropical country
C) Sub-tropical country D) None of these
Mango do not and cannot grow in the above region. The most important environmental factor responsible for it is-
A) Soil B) Temperature C) Water D) Light
Snow leopard are not found in ________ and tuna fish rarely caught beyond ________ latitudes in the ocean.
A) Tropical, Kerala B) Kerala, tropical C) Kerala, temperate D) Kerala, sub-tropical
Organism which tolerate wide range of temperature?
A) Eurithermal B) Stenothermal C) Stenohaline D) None of these
Match the following salinity.
| 1 | Sea | a | 5 |
| 2 | Hypersaline Lagoons | b | 30-35 |
| 3 | Inland water | c | >100 |
1 2 3 1 2 3
A) a c b B) b c a
C) c a b D) b a c
A fresh water organisms cannot survive in a water body that has greater ________ than its original habitat-
A) Nutrients B) Depth C) Salt concentration D) Water clarity
The organism try to maintain the constancy of its internal environment and the process is called
A) Hibernation B) Aestivation C) Homeostasis D) None of these
A) A-Regulators, B-Conformers, C-Partial Regulator
B) A-Conformers, B-Regulators, C-Partial Regulator
C) A-Partial Regulator, B-Regulators, C-Conformers
D) A-Conformers, B-Partial Regulators, C-Regulator
Regulators maintain homeostatic by which means-
A) Chemical B) Physiological C) Behavioural D) Both B and C
We maintain constant body temperature of-
A) 39º C B) 37º C C) 33º C D) 34º C
The organism in which body temperature changes according to the ambient temperature is known as
A) Conformers B) Regulator C) Partial Regulators D) Endothermal
Thermoregulation is energetically expensive process for
A) Shrews B) Mammals C) Humming bird D) Both A and C
Thermoregulation is energetically expensive process for small animals due to their-
A) Small surface area relative to their size B) Large size relative to surface area
C) Both B and A D) Large surface area relative to size
The organism which moves away temporarily from stressful situation is known as-
A) Migrators B) Conformers C) Regulators D) Endothermals
Keolado National Park is situated in
A) Rajasthan B) Raipur C) Gujarat D) Madhya Pradesh
Match the following
A |
B |
||
| 1 | Regulators | i | Humming birds |
| 2 | Conformers | ii | Shrenes |
| 3 | Migrators | iii | Mammals |
| 4 | Suspendors | iv | Siberian birds |
| v | Bacteria, fungi and lower plants | ||
1 2 3 4
A) i, ii iii iv v
B) iii i, ii v iv
C) iii i, ii iv v
D) iv iii i, ii v
A stage of suspended development is called
A) Diapause B) Aestivation C) Hibernation D) Migration
Winter sleep is known as ________ and summer sleep is known as ________.
A) Hibernation, Aestivation B) Migration, Aestivation
C) Aestivation, Hibernation D) Aestivation, Migration
Match the following
| A | B | ||
| 1 | Bear | i | Aestivation |
| 2 | Zooplankton | ii | Migration |
| 3 | Snail | iii | Hibernation |
| 4 | Siberian clane | iv | Diapause |
1 2 3 4
A) ii iv iii i
B) iii iv i ii
C) iii i iv ii
D) iv iii ii i
Any attributes of the organism that enable them to survive and reproduce its habitat is known as
A) Migration B) Diapause C) Adaptation D) Dormancy
Kangaroo rat in ________ American deserts is capable to meet all its water requirement through ________.
A) East, internal fat oxidation B) North, internal fat oxidation
C) North, internal protein oxidation D) West, internal fat oxidation
Desert plants have special photosynthetic pathway which is known as-
A) C3 cycle B) C4 cycle C) CAM pathway D) None of these
Desert plant do not have following one characteristics-
A) Bread leaf B) Flattened stem C) Sunken stomata D) Thick cuticle
Mammals from Colder climates generally have shorter ears and limbs to minimize the heat loss. This Rule was give by-
A) Charles Darwin B) Jansely C) P. Odum D) Allen
Desert lizard manage to keep their body temperature constant by ________ means.
A) Physiological B) Behavioural C) Chemical D) Both A and B
Many marine aquatics lives in very high pressure. Which type of adaptation shown by them
A) Biochemical B) Behaviourals C) Physical D) None of these
Altitude sickness in high altitude is due to-
A) Low atmospheric pressure B) Low oxygen
C) High atmospheric pressure D) Both A and B
What is a group of individual belonging to the same species called-
A) Population B) Biomes C) Community D) Family
_______ links ecology to population genetics and evolution
A) Ecosystem B) Biomes C) Population ecology D) Population attributes
Population has certain attributes which are-
A) birth rates B) death rates C) sex ratio D) All of these
If the age distribution is plotted for the population, the resulting structure is called-
A) Population attributes B) Population ecology
C) Age pyramids D) None of these
What type of human population is represented by the following are pyramid?
A) Stable population B) Declining population
C) Expanding population D) Vanishing population
The tiger census in our national parks and tiger reserves is after based on-
A) Pug marks B) Fecal pellets C) Counting no. of tigers D) Both A and B
________ is more meaningful measures of the population size of parthenium
A) Total no. B) Biomass C) Age D) None of these
The age distribution of a population is determined by:
A) Timing of birth B) Timing of death
C) The rate at which the population is growing D) All are correct
What four factors define population growth?
A) Birth, deaths, immigration, emigration
B) Survivorship, age-specific mortally, fecundity, death rate
C) Mark-capture, cenrus, sampling, transects
D) Age-specific birth rates, Metapopulation structure, quad rate, ectone
________ contribute to an increase in population density
A) Natality and emigration B) Mortality and emigration
C) Mortality and Immigration D) Natality and Immigration
________ refers to the no. of deaths in the population during a period
A) Natality B) Immigration C) Mortality D) Birth rate
If N is the population density at time t, then its density at time t + 1 is
A) Nt+1 = Nt + (B + E) – (D + I) B) Nt+1 = Nt + (B + D) – (E + I)
C) Nt+1 = Nt – (B + I) – (D + E) D) Nt+1 = Nt + (B + I) – (D + E)
Fill up A and B Boxes in the given diagram with correct options:
A) A = Natality + Immigration, B = Mortality + Emigration
B) A = Natality + Mortality, B = Immigration + Emigration
C) A = Birth rate + Death rate, B = Migration + Emigration
D) A = Natality + Emigration, B = Mortality + Immigration
A biologist studied the population of rates in a born. He found that average Natality was 260, average Mortality 250, Immigration 30 and emmigration 40. The net increase in population is
A) 10 B) 0 C) 15 D) 20
The formula for exponential population growth is
A) dt/dN = rN B) dN/rN = dt C) rN/dN = dt D) dN/dt = rN
Which of the following is not a factor that would limit the growth of population?
A) Food shortage B) Immigration C) Disease D) Famine
Birth rate = B, Death rate = D, Emigration = E and Immigration = I
Column I |
Column II | ||
| a | Population is increasing | i | B + I = D + E |
| b | Population is decreasing | ii | B + I < D + E |
| c | Population is stable | iii | B + I > D + E |
a b c
A) iii ii i
B) ii iii i
C) i ii iii
D) ii i iii
Darwinian fitness is represented by
A) Low r value B) High r value C) High k value D) Low k value
What are Labelled phase A, B and C in given sigmoid growth curve?
A) A-Lag, B-Log, C-Stationary B) A-Stationary, B-Log, C-Lag
C) A-Lag, B-Stationary, C-Log D) A-Stationary, B-Lag, C-Log
Carrying capacity is denoted as
A) r B) N C) K D) I
Figure For calculation of the r value, which of the following is required?
A) Birth rates B) Death rates C) Both a and b D) None
Which of the following equation is correct for Logistic growth?
A) B) dN/dt = rN C) dt/dN = rN (K-N/K) D) dN/dt = rN (K-N/K)
________ refers to the no. of births during a given period in the population that are added to the initial density.
A) Natality B) Mortality C) Immigration D) Survival
Logistic curve is ________.
A) L-shaped B) J-shaped C) Sigmoid curve D) None of these
A plot of N in relation to time (t) results in sigmoid curve. This type of population growth is called-
A) J shaped Curve B) U shaped Curve
C) Verhulst-Pearl Logistic Growth D) Constant Growth
Nt = N0ert is the integral form of the exponential- growth equation
Which of the following statement related to equation is not correct:
A) 𝑁𝑡 = Population density after time t B) 𝑁0= Population density at time zero
C) r = Intrinsic rate of Natural decrease D) e = The base of Natural logarithmics (2.71828)
Which growth model is considered as more realistic one?
A) Exponential growth B) Constant growth C) Logistic growth D) None of these
A population growing in a habitat with limited resources show initially a __(A)__ followed by phase of __(B)__ and finally __(C)__.
A) A-Lag phase, B-Acceleration and deceleration, C-an asymptote
B) A-Log phase, B-Acceleration and deceleration, C-an asymptote
C) A-Log phase, B-Acceleration and deceleration, C-a symptote
D) A-Log phase, B-Acceleration and deceleration, C-a symptote
To calculate the current r value for human population we need to know about
A) Birth rate B) Death rate C) Carrying capacity D) Both A and B
Human population follows the ________ as the carrying capacity increase or we do not meet yet our population carrying capacity.
A) J-shaped growth curve B) Z-shaped growth curve
C) S-shaped growth curve D) All of the above
Which of the following organism breeds only once on their life time?
A) Pacific salmon fish B) Oyester C) Bamboo D) Both A and C
Which of the following organism produces a large no. of small sized offspring?
A) Pacific salmon fish B) Oyester and pelogic fishes
C) Oyester and pacific salmon fish D) Birds and mammals
Match the following
| 1 | Both the species benefited | a | Amensalism |
| 2 | Both the species get harmed | b | Mutualism |
| 3 | One species get benefits | c | Pairasitism |
| 4 | One is harmed other species unaffected | d | Predation |
| e | Competition |
A) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d B) 1-b, 2-e, 3-c, d, 4-a
C) 1-a, 2-e, 3-c, d, 4-b D) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, d, 4-c
Prickly pear cactus caused havoc in the early 1920’s in-
A) Canada B) Austria C) India D) Australia
Which predator brought the control over the inversive growth of prickly pear cactus
A) Moth B) Bollworm C) Caterpillar D) Grasshopper
(A) Chemical control methods are adopted in agricultural pest control, based on ability of predator to regulate prey population.
(B) Penicilium and stryptomyees show Amensalism.
A) A) Statement A is correct B) Statement B is correct
C) Statement A and B both are correct D) Statement A and B are wrong
(A) Predators helps in maintaining species diversity in community.
(B) It reduces the intensity of competition among competing prey species.
A) Statement A is correct B) Statement B is correct
C) Both statement is wrong D) Option A and B
Starfish Pisaster is
A) Parasite B) Hemi-parasite C) Predator D)Prey of invertebrate
More than 10 species of vertebrates disappeared a year after removing the starfish from habitat is due to-
A) interspecific competition B) Brood parasitism
C) Intra specific competition D) None of these
Prey species defenses themselves through there behaviour-
A) Camouflaged B) Highly distasteful
C) Poisonous D) All of these
Which Butterfly is highly distasteful?
A) Monarch Butterfly B) Viceroy Butterfly
C) Queen Butterfly D) All of these
Butterfly is highly distasteful which is acquire by them by tending on poisonous weed during
A) Caterpillar Stage B) Adult Butterfly
C) Pupa State D) All of these
“Camouflage” means
A) Cryptically coloured B) Feeding on young ones of other species
C) Poisonous D) Feeding on own species
Darwin has given the statement of
A) Survival of fittest B) Struggle for existence
C) Both A and B D) None of these
Who has convinced that interspecific competition is a patent force in organic evolution?
A) Darwin B) P. odum C) Jansely D) None of these
(A) It is generally believed that competition occurs when closely related species complete for same resources that are limiting.
(B) Totally unrelated species could also complete for the same resource.
A) A is true B is false B) Both A and B is false
C) A and B both are true D) A is false and B is true
The feeding efficiency of one species might be reduced due to the interfering and inhibitory presence of the other species even if resource are abundant in known as-
A) Interspecific predation B) Interfering competition
C) Both A and B D) commensalism
When certain exotic species are introduced in to a geographical area they become invasive mainly because:
A) The invaded land has unlimited resources for the introduced species.
B) The population of the introduced species in the invaded land is very low.
C) Introduced species do not face any competition in the introduced land.
D) The invaded land does not have its natural predator.
What was the result, when all pisaster starfish were removed from an enclosed intertidal area, in a field experiment?
A) Extinction of many invertebrate species
B) Increase in diversity of invertebrates
C) Inability of the pisaster to enter the area again
D) Replacement of pisaster by other starfish
A species whose distribution is restricted to a small geographical area because of the presence of a competitively superior species is found to expand its distributional range dramatically when the competing species is experimentally removed. This is called-
A) Competitive Exclusion B) Competitive Supermacy
C) Competitive Inclusion D) Competitive Release
Which of the following is not a function of predators?
A) They decrease the species competition in a community
B) They act as conduits for energy transfer access trophic levels
C) They help in stabilization of the ecosystem
D) They decrease the species diversity in a community
Connell’s field experiment on the rockey sea coast of scotland the larger and competitively superior bernacle Balances dominates the intertidal area and excludes the smaller barnacle chathamalus from that zone. This happened due to:
A) Mutualism B) Predation C) Competition D) Parasitism
The principle of competitive exclusion was stated by:
A) Gause B) C. Darwin C) Mac Arther D) Connelli
Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion states that:
A) More abundant species will exclude the less abundant through competition
B) Larger organism will exclude smaller one
C) No two closely related species can occupy same niche indefinitely for the same limiting resources
D) Both A and B
In resource partitioning mechanism-
A) Species divide a niche to avoid competition for resources
B) Two different species eat the same thing at the same time of a day
C) Individuals of the same species that compete with each other
D) Two species that share the same niche
In accordance with their lifestyles, parasites evolved special adaptations such as _____.
A) the loss of unnecessary sense organs
B) presence of adhesive organs or suckers to ding on to the host
C) loss of digestive system and high reproductive capacity
D) All of the above
The human liver fluke (a nematode parasite) depends on two intermediate host to complete its life cycle that is-
A) insect and cow B) insect and human C) a snail and fish D) None of these
Mosquito is-
A) Not a parasite B) Parasite C) Endoparasite D) Holoparasite
Parasites that feed on the external surface of the host organism are called-
A) endoparasite B) ectoparasite C) Holoparasite D) Hemiparasite
Which one is/are the example of ectoparasite?
A) Lice on human B) tick one dogs
C) sea anemone and clown fish D) both A and B
Match the following:
| a | Marine fish | i | Brood parasitism |
| b | Cuscutta | ii | Copepods |
| c | Cattle egret | iii | Grazing cattle |
| d | Koel | iv | Parasite |
a b c d
A) ii iv iii i
B) iii iv i ii
C) iv ii iii i
D) i iii iv ii
________ are those that live inside the host body at different sites (Liver, kidney, lungs, red blood cells, etc)
A) endoparasite B) ectoparasite C) Hemiparasite D) Both B and C
The life cycle of endoparasite are more complex why?
A) Because of their complex morphology B) Because of their food habit
C) Because of their extreme specialization D) All of these
Which of the following group do not comes under commensalism?
A) Orchid growing on Mango branch B) Lichens and fungi
C) Cattle egret and grazing cattle D) Sea Anemone and clown fish
Orchid grows as a ________ on a mango branch.
A) Acrophyte B) Parasite C) Epiphyte D) Both A and B
Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between ________.
A) Fungus and algae B) Cyanobacteria and fungus
C) Archaebacteria and fungus D) Both A and B
Mycorrhiza are associations between
A) fungi and higher root plants B) fungi and algae
C) Algae and lichen D) Both B and C
Who showed that 5 closely related species of Warblers living on same tree were able to avoid competition and co-exist by beharioural difference?
A) C. Darwins B) Connell C) Mac Arther D) Gause
(A) The female wasp uses the fig fruit only for oviposition.
(B) Female wasp shows commensalism.
A) A and B both are correct B) A and B both are wrong
C) A is correct B is wrong D) A is wrong and B is correct
The Mediterranean orchid employs ________ to get pollination done by a species of bee.
A) Shelter B) Food C) Sexual deceit D) Egg-laying sites
Pseudocopulation is an example of-
A) Wasp and fig B) Ophrys and bees C) Ophrys and warp D) None of these
If the female bee’s colour pattern changes, the orchid flower co-evolves to maintain the resemblance of its petals for the successful pollination is known as
A) Commensalism B) Protocooperation C) Co-evolution D) None of these
Natality refers to :
(a) Death rate (b) Birth rate
(c) Number of individuals entering a habitat (d) Number of individuals leaving the habitat
Which one of the following plants shows a very close relationship with a species of moth, where none of the two can complete its life cycle without the other?
(a) Hydrilla (b) Yucca (c) Viola (d) Banana
Which one of the following population interactions is widely used in medical science for the production of antibiotics?
(a) Commensalism (b) Mutualism (c) Amensalism (d) Parasitism
In a growing population of a country :
(a) pre-reproductive individuals are more than the reproductive individuals.
(b) reproductive individuals are less than the postreproductive individuals.
(c) pre-reproductive individuals are less than the reproductive individuals.
(d) reproductive and pre-reproductive individuals are equal in number.
Presence of plants arranged into well defined vertical layers depending on their height can be seen best in :
(a) Tropical Rain Forest (b) Grassland (c) Temperate Forest (d) Tropical Savannah
Asymptote in a logistic growth curve is obtained when
(a) K = N (b) K > N (c) K < N (d) The value of ‘r’ approaches zero
Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents :
(a) Directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction.
(b) Disruptive as it splits the population into two, one yielding higher output and the other lower output.
(c) Stabilising followed by disruptive as it stabilises the population to produce higher yielding cows.
(d) Stabilising selection as it stabilises this character in the population.
Select the mismatch :
(a) Rhodospirillum – Mycorrhiza (b) Anabaena – Nitrogen fixer
(c) Rhizobium – Alfalfa (d) Frankia – Alnus
Mycorrhizae are the example of :
(a) Amensalism (b) Antibiosis (c) Mutualism (d) Fungistasis
Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion states that :
(a) more abundant species will exclude the less abundant species through competition.
(b) competition for the same resources excludes species having different food preferences.
(c) no two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely for the same limiting resources.
(d) larger organisms exclude smaller ones through competition.
When does the growth rate of a population following the logistic model equal zero? The logistic model is given as dN/dt = rN(1–N/K)
(a) when N/K is exactly one. (b) when N nears the carrying capacity of the habitat.
(c) when N/K equals zero. (d) when death rate is greater than birth rate.
Most animals are tree dwellers in a :
(a) Thorn woodland (b) Temperate deciduous forest (c) Tropical rain forest (d) Coniferous forest
In which of the following interactions both partners are adversely affected?
(a) Predation (b) Parasitism (c) Mutualism (d) Competition
The following graph depicts changes in two populations (A and B) of herbivores in a grassy field A possible reason for these changes is that :
(a) population B competed more successfully for food than population A.
(b) population A produced more offspring than population B.
(c) population A consumed the members of population B.
(d) both plant populations in this habitat decreased.
Just as a person is moving from Delhi to Shimla to escape the heat for the duration of hot summer, thousands of migratory birds from Siberia and other extremely cold northern regions move to :
(a) Western Ghat (b) Meghalaya (c) Corbett National Park (d) Keoladeo National Park
Carnivorous animals – lions and leopards, occupy the same niche but lions predate mostly larger animals and leopards take smaller ones. This mechanism of competition is referred to as :-
(1) Character displacement (2) Altruism (3) Resource partitioning (4) Competitive exclusion
Between which among the following, the relationship is not an example of commensalism?
(1) Orchid and the tree on which it grows (2) Cattle Egret and grazing cattle
(3) Sea Anemone and Clown fish (4) Female wasp and fig species
Match the items in Column-I with those in Column-II :
Column I Column II
(a) Herbivores-Plants (i) Commensalism
(b) Mycorrhiza-Plants (ii) Mutualism
(c) Sheep-Cattle (iii) Predation
(d) Orchid-Tree (iv) Competition
Select the correct option from following :
(1) (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii) (2) (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
(3) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv) (4) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
The impact of immigration on population density is :-
(1) Negative (2) Both positive and negative
(3) Neutralized by natality (4) Positive
Which of the following is not an attribute of the population?
1) Species interaction 2) Sex ratio 3) Natality 4) Mortality
Secondary metabolites such as nicotine, strychnine and caffeine are produced by plants for their
1) Effect on reproduction 2) Nutritive value 3) Growth response 4) Defence action
Amensalism can be represented as
1) Species A (+); Species B (+) 2) Species A (-) ; Species B (-)
3) Species A (+); Species B (0) 4) Species A (-); Species B (0)
Inspite of interspecific competition in nature, which mechanism the competing species might have evolved for their survival?
(1) Competitive release (2) Mutualism
(3) Predation (4) Resource partitioning
In the exponential growth equation Be represents
1) The base of exponential logarithms 2) The base of natural logarithms
3) The base of geometric logarithms 4) The base of number logarithms
Match List -I with List – II
| List – I | List – II |
| a) Allen’s Rule | i) Kangaroo rat |
| b) Physiological adaptation | ii) Desert lizard |
| c) Behavioural adaptation | iii) Marine fish at depth |
| d) Biochemical adaptation | iv) Polar seal |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
1) a-iv, b-i, c-iii, d-ii 2) a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii 3) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i 4) a-iv, b-ii, c-iii, d-i
Assertion (A): A per son goes to high altitude and experiences ‘altitude sickness’ with symptoms like breathing difficulty and heart palpitations.
Reason (R): Due to low atmospheric pressure at high altitude, the body does not get sufficient oxygen.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
1) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
2) (A) is true but (R) is false
3) (A) is false but (R) is true
4) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Which one of the following statements cannot be connected to predation?
(1) It helps in maintaining species diversity in a community
(2) It might lead to extinction of a species
(3) Both the interacting species are negatively impacted
(4) It is necessitated by nature to maintain the ecological balance
While explaining interspecific interaction of population (+) sign is assigned
for beneficial interaction, (-) sign is assigned for detrimental interaction and
(0) for neutral interaction, which of the following interactions can be assigned
(+) for one species and (-) for another species involved in the interaction?
1) Predation 2) Amensalism
3) Commensalism 4) Competition
If ‘8’ Drosophilia in a laboratory population of ‘80’ dies during a week, the death rate in the population is individuals per Drosophila per week.
1) 0.1 2) 10 3) 1.0 4) zero