20 LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT QUESTIONS

CHAPTER NOTES

Streaming of cytoplasm/cyclosis is seen in

(A) Amoeba

(B) Macrophages

(D) All

Which of the following statements is correct?

(A) Cytoplasmic streaming helps in pseudopodia formation or amoeboid movement

(B) Cytoplasmic streaming is caused by contracting microfilament

(D) Locomotion is not a voluntary movement

I. Paramecium employs cilia for pushing food in cytopharynx and in locomotion

II. Hydra takes help of tentacles for both food capturing and locomotion

III. All locomotion’s are movements and vice-versa

IV. Methods of locomotion vary with habitats and the demands of situation

V. Ciliated epithelium is found in respiratory tract, renal tubules and reproductive tracts

Which of the above statements is false?

(A) I and III

(B) III

(D) IV and V

Which of the following statements is false?

(A) Locomotion and many other movements required coordinated muscular activities

(B) Muscle is a specialised tissues of endodermal in origin

(D) Muscles show contractibility, excitability and flexibility

Which of the following statements about the skeletal muscles is correct?

(A) They are striated muscles

(B) They are voluntary muscles

(D) All

Which of the following statements about visceral muscles is correct?

(A) They are non-striated muscles (smooth muscles)

(B) They are involuntary muscles

(D) All

Cardiac/heart muscles are –

(A) Striated and involuntary (B) Not fatigued

Which of the following statements is false?

(A) Smooth muscles are found in urinary bladder, alimentary canal and genitaltract

(B) A striated muscle is syncytium (multinucleate)

(D) The plasma membrane and ER ofstriated muscles are called sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum respectively

The source of Ca+2 for the muscle is –

(A) T-tubule

(B) Sarcosome

(D) Sarcoplasmic reticulum

The fascia surrounding a muscle is madeup of –

(A) Cartilage

(B) Collagenous connective tissues

(C)Adipose tissue

(D) Blood vessels

Contractile fibrils of muscles are called –

(A) Neurofibrils

(B) Collagen fibres

(D) Yellow fibres

Myofibrils show alternate dark and lightbands in –

(A) Cardiac muscles

(B) Smooth muscles

(D) a and c

Select the true statement(s) –

(A) A-band is present in the middle ofsarcomere

(B) H-zone is present in the middle of Aband

(D) All of the above

Which is the smallest one?

(A) Muscle fibre

(B) Myofibril

(D) Sarcomere

Match Column I with Column II –

(A) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

(B) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

(D) A- III, B – IV, C – II, D – I

Z-line divides the myofibrils into –

(A) Sarcomere

(B) Sarcolemma

(D) Microtubules

Sarcomere is the area between –

(A) 2 H-zones

(B) 2 Z-lines

(D) 2A-bands

Light bands (thin filaments) contain actin and are called –

(A) A-bands or Isotropic band

(B) A-bands or Anisotropic bands

(D) I-bands or Anisotropic bands

Dark bands (thick filaments) contain myosin and are called –

(A) A-bands or Isotropic band

(B) A-bands or Anisotropic bands

(D) I-bands or Anisotropic bands

Which of the following statements about the striated muscles is false?

I. In the centre of each I-band is an elastic fibre (Z-line) which bisects it

II. Thin filaments are firmly attached to the Z-line

III. M-line is a fibrous membrane in the middle of A-bands

IV. A sarcomere comprises one full A-bands and 2 half I-bands

(A) All

(B) IV

(D) None

The region between the ends of the A-bands of 2-adjoining sarcomeres is called

(A) The Z-band (B) The H-zone (C) The T-tubule (D) The I-band

Choose the letter from the figure that most appropriately corresponds to the structure –

A-band II. I-band III. Sarcomere IV. H-zone V. Myosin

Actin, Troponin, Tropomyosin VII. Z- line

(A) I – E, II – D, III – F, IV – G, V – B, VI -C, VII -A

(B) I – E, II – D, III – C, IV – G, V – B, VI -A, VII – F,

(D) I – E, II – D, III – F, IV -A, V – B, VI – C,VII – G

An individual sarcomere consist of-

(A) A stack of actin fibres

(B) A stack of myosin units

(D) Overlapping myosin arid membrane

Which of the following statements about the molecular arrangement of actin and myosin in myofibrils is false?

I. Each actin (thin filament) is made of 2F (filamentous) actins.

II. F-actin is the polymer of G (globular) actin.

III. 2F- actins are twisted into a helix

IV. Two strands of tropomyosin (protein) lie in the grooves of F-actin

V. Troponin molecules (complex proteins) are distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin

VI. Troponin forms the head of the myosin molecule

VII. The myosin is a polymerised protein

(a) I, II, III (B) Only VII (C) Only VI (D) Only III

One myosin filament in the myofibril of skeletal muscle fibres is surrounded by how many actin filaments –

(A) 8 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 4

The cross bridges of the sarcomere in skeletal muscle are made up of –

(A) Actin (B) Myosin (C) Troponin (D) Myelin

The functions of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle include –

(A) Sliding on actin to produce shortening.

(B) Release Ca+2 after initiation of contraction

(D) Generates ATP

Tropomyosin is moved by which of following proteins –

(A) Calmodulin

(B) Actin

(D)Acetylcholine

Ca+2 bind _____ in the skeletal muscles and leads to exposure of the binding site for _ on the filament _________.

(A) Troponin, myosin, actin

(B) Troponin, actin, relaxin

(D) Tropomyosin, myosin, actin

Following is the figure of actin (thin) filaments. Identify A, Band C.

(A) A- Tropomyosin, B – Troponin, C – Factin

(B) A- Troponin, B – Tropomyosin, C -Myosin

(D) A- Troponin, B – Tropomyosin, C – Factin

The above figure is related with myosin monomer (meromyosin). Identify A to C –

(A) A- head, B – cross arm, C – GTP binding sites

(B) A- head, B – cross arm, C – Ca+2 binding sites

(D) A- cross arm, B – head, C –ATP binding sites

Which of the following statements is false?

(A) Each myosin is a polymerised protein

(B) Many meromyosin constitute one thick filament (myosin)

(D) The globular head is an active ATPase enzyme and has binding sites for ATP

and active sites for actin The action potential that triggers a muscle contraction travels deep within the muscle cell by means of _________.

(A) Sarcoplasmic reticulum

(B) Transverse tubules

(D) Motor end plates

ATP provides energy for muscle contraction by allowing for-

(A) An action potential formation in the muscle cell

(B) Cross-bridge detachment of myosin from actin

(D) Release of ca+2 from sarcoplasmic reticulum

A motor unit is best described as –

(A) All the nerve fibres and muscle fibres in a single muscle bundle

(B) One muscle fibre and its single nerve fibre

(D) It is the neuron which carries the message from muscle to CNS

Motor end plate is a –

(A) Neuromuscular junction

(B) Dendron of motor neuron

(D) Gradient of proton motive force

Electrical excitation in a muscle fibre most directly causes –

(A) Movement of tropomyosin

(B) Attachment of the cross bridges to actin

(D) Splitting of ATP

The energy for muscle contraction is most directly obtained from –

(A) Phosphocreatine

(B) ATP

(D) Aerobic respiration

According to the sliding filament theory –

(A) Actin (thin filament) moves past myosin (thick filament)

(B) Myosin moves past actin

(D) None of these is correct

Put the following phrases in proper order to describe what occurs at the neuromuscular junction to trigger muscle contraction.

I. Receptor sites on sarcolemma.

II. Nerve impulse.

III. Release of Ca+2 from sarcoplasmic reticulum

IV. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released

V. Sarcomere shorten

VI. Synaptic cleft

VII. Spread of impulses over

sarcolemma on T-tubules

(A) II, IV, I, VI, VII, III, V

(B) II, IV, VI, I, VII, III, V

(D) VII, VI, V, IV, III, II, I

Go through the following diagram describing muscle contraction. Now identify A to E.

(A) A- Cross bridge, B – Cross bridgeformation, C-Breaking of cross bridge, D –Sliding (rotation), E -ATP

(B) A- Cross bridge, B – Cross bridge formation, C – Sliding/rotation, D –Breaking of cross bridge, E -ATP

(D) A- Cross bridge, B – Cross bridgeformation, C – Sliding/rotation, D – ADP, E – Breaking of cross bridge

How does the troponin-tropomyosin complex affect cross-bridge cycling?

(A) When [Ca2+] is low, the troponintropomyosin complex blocks actin’s binding site for myosin. When [Ca2+]is high, the complex rolls out of the way, allowing myosin to bind to actin and initiate the cross-bridge cycle.

(B) The troponin-tropomyosin complex regenerates ATP for the myosin ATPase.

(D) The troponin-tropomyosin complex binds to the myosin head, facilitating contact with the actin filaments

Relaxation of muscle is due to –

(A) Pumping of Ca+2 into sarcoplasmic cisternae

(B) Presence of ATP

(D) A and C

The diagrams given above show 3 different condition of sarcomeres. Identify these conditions –

(A) A– contracting, B – relaxed, C –maximally contracted

(B) A – relaxed, B – contracting, C –maximally contracted

(D) A- relaxed, B – maximally contracted,C–contracting

When a skeletal muscle shortens during contraction which of these statements is false?

(A) The I-band shortens

(B) The A-band shortens

(D) The sarcomeres shorten

The muscle band that remains unchanged during muscle contraction and relaxation of the skeletal muscle is

(A) I (B)A (C) H (D) Z line

Which of the following statements is correct?

(A) During muscle contraction chemical energy changes into mechanical energy

(B) Muscle fatigue is due to lactic acid formation due to anaerobic respiration

(D) All

The compound or pigment acting as an oxygen store in skeletal muscles is –

(A) Myoglobin

(B) Haemoglobin

(D) Cytochrome

I. Number of mitochondria less.

II. Number of mitochondria more

III. Sarcoplasmic reticulum is abundant

IV. Myoglobin content high

V. Sarcoplasmic reticulum moderate

VI. Aerobic muscles

VII. Depend on anaerobic respiration for energy

VIII. Less myoglobin content

A. Red muscles

B. White muscles

Identify above (I to VIII) traits as characteristic of A and B types of

muscles-

A- I, III, VII, VIII; B -II, IV, V, VI

(B) A-II, IV, V, VI; B-I, III, VII, VIII

(D) A- II, V, VI, VIII; B – I, III, IV, VII

Skeletal system consists of –

(A) Only bones

(B) Only cartilage

(D) A framework of cartilage. and a few bones

Bone has a very hard matrix due to presence of-

(A) NaCl

(B) Ca-salts

(D) Fe-salts

Cartilage has slightly pliable matrix due to –

(A) Chondroitin salts

(B) Osteoblast

(D) Osteoclast

How many bones make up the human skeleton?

(A) 948

(B) 96

(D) 206

Number of bones in human axial skeleton is –

(A) 80 (B) 106 (C) 206 (D) None

Match Column I with Column II –

(A) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-V, E-IV

(B) A- II, B – I, C – III, D – V, E – IV

(D) A- V, B – IV, C – III, D – II, A- I

Hyoid/Tongue bone is –

(A) T-shaped (B) J-shaped (C) U-shaped (D) L-shaped

A normal human being has how many ear ossicle?

(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) None

Which one of the following is not included under ear ossicles –

(A) Malleus (B) Ileum (C) Incus (D) Stapes

Human Cranium has small protuberance(s) at the posterior end called ______ and in number.

that articulates with first vertebra (atlas vertebra)-

(A) occipital condyle, 6 (B) occipital condyle, 2

Human skull is –

(A) Dicondylic (B) Monocondylic (C) Procoelous (D) Hetercoelous

Which of the following statements about human vertebral column is false?

(A) Vertebral column consists of 26 vertebrae

(B) It is ventrally placed

(D) Neural canal in vertebra is the passage for spinal cord

Human adult vertebral formula is-

(A) C4 T8 L4 S8 C8 (B) C7 T8 L5 S6 C7

Which of the following vertebra in adult human are fused ones?

(A) Thoracic and lumber (B) Thoracic and cervical

Which of the following is not the function of vertebral column?

(A) Protects spinal cord and supports the head

(B) Serves as the point of attachment for ribs and musculature of the back

(D) Supports Tarsals and Metacarpals

Which of the following is not correct about sternum?

(A) It is commonly called breast bone

(B) It is flat bone

(D) It is located on the ventral mid line of thorax

Each typical rib is a thin flat bone connected to the vertebral column and _______ to the sternum-

(A) Dorsally, ventrally (B) Ventrally, dorsally

Typical ribs are –

(A) Monocephalic (B) Dicephalic

Match Column I with Column II –

Column I Column II

True ribs I. 3 pairs

False ribs II. 2 pairs

Floating ribs III. 7 pairs

(A) A-I, B-II, C-III (B) A-III, B-I, C-II

Match Column I with Column II –

Column I Column II

False ribs I. 1st to 7th pair

True ribs II. 11th and 12th pair

Floating ribs III. 8th to 10th pair

Sternum IV. One

(A) A-I, B-II, C-III, D- IV

(B) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D- I

(D) A-III, B-I, C-II, D- IV

Identify the ribs –

A. Ribs are attached to the sternum ventrally and to the vertebrae dorsally.

B. Ribs are attached to sternum through costal cartilage (hyaline) of 7th rib

C. Ribs are not attached to sternum

I. True ribs

II. False ribs

III. Floating ribs

(A) a-I, b-II, c-III (B) a-I, b-III, c-II

Which of the following ribs are called vertebrochondral ribs?

(A) True ribs (B) False ribs (C) GorIIIa ribs (D) Floating ribs

Rib cage is formed by all except –

(A) Thoracic vertebrae (B) Lumbar vertebrae

Each limb (upper or lower) consists of how many bones –

(A) 30 (B) 60 (C) 101 (D) 8

The accompanied figure is rib cage.

Identify A, Band C respectively-

(A) Coccyx, ribs, vertebral column

(B) Sternum, ribs, vertebral column

(D) Tarsal, ribs, vertebral column

Number of bones in human appendicular skeleton is –

(A) 80 (B) 120 (C) 126 (D) 206

Number of bone in each upper limb is –

(A) 1, 1, 1 (B) 8, 5, 14

Phalangeal/digital formula for human hand/foot is-

(A) 0, 2, 2, 3 (B) 0, 2, 3, 3 ,3

The hand contains __ carpals (wrist bones), metacarpals (palm bones), and _ phalanges.

(A) 14, 5, 8 (B) 5, 8, 14 (C) 8, 5, 14 (D) 1, 5, 5

The accompanied diagram shows right pectoral girdle and upper arm (frontal view). Identify A to G

(A) A- 1st Vertebra, B – Scapula, C -Humerus, D – Radius, E – Ulna, F – Carpals, G – Metacarpals

(B) A- Scapula, B – Clavicle, C – Humerus, D – Radius, E – Ulna, F – Carpals, G – Metacarpal

(D) A- Clavicle, B – Scapula, C – Humerus, D – Radius, E – Ulna, F – Carpals, G –Metacarpals

An acromion process is characteristically found in –

(A) Pelvic girdle of mammals (B) Pectoral girdle of mammals

The shoulder blade is large triangular bone situated in the dorsal part of the thorax between the 2nd and the 7th ribs. It is called _

(A) Clavicle (B) Ilium (C) Scapula (D) Carpals

For articulation of head of humerus a depression found in scapula is called –

(A) Acetabulum (B) Manubrium

Which of the following statement is correct?

(A) Pectoral and pelvic girdle bones help in the articulation of the upper and lower limbs respectively with the axial skeleton

(B) Each girdle is formed of 2 halves

(D) All

Which of the following statements is false?

(A) Scapula has the spine which projects as acromion process

(B) Below acromion process is a glenoid cavity

(D) Clavicle is long S-shaped bone with 4 curvatures

Which one of the following is the longest bone in human?

(A) Radius (B) Tibia

Human foot consists of 26 bones. Whatare the number of tarsals (ankle bones), metatarsals and phalanges?

(A) 7, 5, 14 (B) 5, 7, 14 (C) 1, 1, 5 (D) 5, 5, 5

A cup shaped bone covering knee ventrally is called –

(A) Cuneiform (B) Tarsal (C) Patella (D) Carpal

Study the accompanying figure. Identify A, B, C and D –

(A) A- Pubis, B – ilium, C – Ischium, D – Patella

(B) A- Ischium, B – Pubis, C – ileum, D– Patella

(D) A- ilium, B – Pubis, C – Ischium, D–Patella

Acetabulum occurs in –

(A) Cranium (B) Pectoral girdle

Pelvic girdle (hip girdle) is composed ____ coxal (hip) bones-

(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 5

Pelvic girdle consists of-

(A) Ileum, ischium and pubis

(B) Ilium, ischium and pubis

(D) Coracoid, ischium and pubis

Two halves of pelvic girdle articulate ventrally at a fibrocartilaginous joint called –

(A) Pubic symphysis (B) Synchodroses

Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of 3 bones named as –

(A) Ileum, ischium and pubis (B) Ilium, ischium and pubis

Which of the following statements about the joints is false?

(A) Joints are essential for all types of movements involving bony parts

(B) Joints are contact between bones or between bones and cartilages

(D) Cartilaginous joint permit great movement

Match Column I with Column II –

(A) A- V, B – IV, C – III, D – II, E – I

(B) A- I, B – II, C – II, D – V, E – IV

(D)A-V, B-III, C-II, D-I, E-II

Which of the following statements is correct?

(A) Synovial joints are characterised by synovial cavity with fluid between thearticulating surface of two· bones

(B) Synovial joints are freely movable

(D) All

Joint between bones in the form of sutures of human skull is –

(A) Hinge joint (B) Synovial joint

Which of the following statements is correct?

(A) Movable skull bone is mandible

(B) We move our hands while walking for balancing

(C) Cartilaginous joints have little mobility due to fibrocartilage disc between its articular ends e.g. intervertebral disc between centre of vertebrae

(D) All

A disease associated with joint is –

(A) Glaucoma (B) Arthritis (C) Paget’s disease (D) Homer’s syndrome

Gout is the inflammation of joints due to accumulation of –

(A) Urea crystal (B) NH3

I. Age-related disorder characterised by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fracture

II. Causative factor deficiency of estrogen is common.

The above characters are associated with –

(A) Gout (B) Osteoporosis (C) Arthritis (D) Polio

Myasthenia is an ____ disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscles –

(A) Arthritis (B) Autoimmune (C) Agnosic (D) Amnesic

Tetany is the rapid spasm in muscles due to –

(A) High Ca+2 in body fluid

(B) Low Ca+2 in body fluid

(D) High urea in blood

Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles due to genetic disorder is called –

(A) Myasthenia gravis

(B) Tetany

(D) Myopia

Arthritis is –

(A) Inflammation of muscles (B) Inflammation of bone

Calcium is important in skeletal muscle contraction because it

(a) binds to troponin to remove the masking of active sites on actin for myosin.

(b) sctivates the myosin ATPase by binding to it.

(d) detaches the myosin head from the actin filament.

The pivot joint between atlas and axis is a type of :

(a) Cartilaginous joint (b) Synovial joint (c) Saddle joint (d) Fibrous joint

Out of ‘X’ pairs of ribs in humans, only ‘Y’ pairs are true ribs. Select the option that correctly represent values of X and Y and provides their explanation.

(a) X = 12, Y = 5 True ribs are attached dorsally to vertebral column and sternum on the two ends.

(b) X = 24, Y = 7 True ribs are dorsally attached to vertebral column but are free on ventral side.

(d) X = 12, Y = 7 True ribs are attached dorsally to vertebral column and ventrally to the sternum.

Lack of relaxation between successive stimuli in sustained muscle contraction is known as__.

(a) spasm (b) fatigue (c) tetanus (d) tonus

Sliding filament theory can be best explained as

(a) Actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide pass each other.

(b) Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten but rather slide pass each other.

(d) When myofilaments slide pass each other actin filaments shorten while myosin filament do not shorten.

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

(a) Storage of minerals (b) Production of body heat (c) Locomotion (d) Production of erythrocytes

Which of the following joints would allow no movement?

(a) Cartilaginous joint (b) Synovial joint (c) Ball and Socket joint (d) Fibrous joint

Glenoid cavity articulates

(a) scapula with acromion. (b) clavicle with scapula.

Select the correct matching of the type of the joint with the example in human skeletal system. Which of the following muscular disorders is inherited?

(1) Tetany (2) Muscular dystrophy (3) Myasthenia gravis (4) Botulism

Select the correct option .

(1) 8th, 9th and 10th pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum.

(2) 11th and 12th pairs of ribs are connected to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilage.

(3) Each rib is a flat thin bone and all the ribs are connected dorsally to the thoracic vertebrae and ventrally to the sternum.

(4) There are seven pairs of vertebrosternal, three pairs of vertebrochondral and two pairs of vertebral ribs.

Match the following joints with the bones involved:

(a) Gliding joint (i) Between carpal and metacarpal of thumb

(b) Hinge joint (ii) Between Atlas and Axis

(d) Saddle joint (iv) Between Humerus and Ulna.

Select the correct option from the following:

(1) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), d-(i) (2) (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), d-(iii)

(3) (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), d-(i) (4) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), d-(iv)

Which of the following diseases is an autoimmune disorder?

(1) Myasthenia gravis (2) Arthritis (3) Osteoporosis (4) Gout

Match the following columns and select the correct option

Column – I Column – II

(a) Gout (i) Decreased levels of estrogen

(b) Osteoporosis (ii) Low Ca⁺⁺ ions in the blood

(c) Tetany (iii) Accumulation of uric acid crystals

(d) Muscular (iv) Auto immune dystrophy disorder

(v) Genetic disorder

(1) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv) (2) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(v)

(3) (a)-(iv), .(b)-(v), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii) (4) (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)

Match the following columns and select the correct option

Column – I Column – II

(a) Floating Ribs (i) Located between second and seventh ribs

(b) Acromion (ii) Head of the Humerus

(d) Glenoid cavity (iv) Do not connect with the sternum

(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)

(iv) (iii) (i) (ii) 2. (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)

(i) (iii) (ii) (iv) 4. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)

Chronic auto immune disorder affecting neuro muscular junction leading to fatigue , weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle is called as:

Muscular dystrophy 2. Myasthenia gravis

3. Gout 4. Arthritis

During muscular contraction which of the following events occur?

a) H-zone disappears b) ‘A’ band widens

c) I-band reduces in width d) Myosine hydrolyzes ATP, releasing the ADP and Pi

e) Z-lines attached to actins are pulled inwards

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

1) (a), b), (c), (d) only 2) (b), (c), (d), (e) only 3) b), (d), (e), (a) only 4) (a), (c), (d), (e) only

Match List – I with List – II.

List – I	List – II
a) Scapula	i) Cartilaginous joint
b) Cranium	ii) Flat bone
c) Sternum	iii) Fibrous joints
d) Vertebral column	iv) Triangular flat bone

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

1) a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-I 2) a-iv, b-ii, c-iii, d-i 3) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i 4) a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv

Which of the following is a correct match for disease and its symptoms?

1) Arthritis – Inflammed joints

2) Tetany – high level causing rapid spasms
3) Myasthemia gravis – Genetic disorder resulting in weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle

4) Muscular dystrophy – An auto immune disorder causing progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures.

Reason (R): Common cause of osteoporosis is increased levels of estrogen.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

2) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct

4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.

Which of the following is present between the adjacent bones of the vertebral column?

1) Intercalated discs

2) Cartilage
3) Areolar tissue

4) Smooth muscle

CHAPTER NOTES