18 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION QUESTION

18 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION QUESTION

Which of the following use water from their environment as circulating fluid –

(A) Sponges

(B) Coelenterates

(C) a and b

(D) Fishes

Blood, a special type of connective tissue                 

(A) Consists of a fluid matrix (Plasma)

(B) Has formed elements

(C) Is the most commonly used body fluid by most of the higher organisms

(D) All

Plasma is a straw coloured, viscous fluid constituting nearly          % of blood –

(A) 55

(B) 45

(C) 90

(D) 10

The amount of water present in blood plasma is –

(A) 99%

(B) 90-92%

(C) 10%

(D) 55%

I. Proteins contribute 6 – 8% of the blood plasma

II. Plasma contains very high amount of minerals

Ill. Plasma without the clotting factors is called serum

IV Glucose, amino acids, lipids, etc., are also present in the plasma as they are always in transit in the body. Of the above statements –

(A) All are correct

(B) Only II is false

(C) Only I, III, IV is correct

(D) All are false

Match List I with List II and select the correct option

List I (Plasma protein)

List II (Functions)

I. Fibrinogen A. Defense mechanism
II. Globulins B. Osmotic balance
Ill. Albumins C. Coagulation of blood

(A) I-C, II-A, III-B    (B) I-A, II-C, III-B    (C) I-C, II-B, III-A    (D) l-B, II-A, III-C

Formed elements of blood include –

(A) RBC, WBC and blood platelets            (B) All solutes present in blood

(C) Proteins present in blood                     (D) All minerals (elements)

Which  of  the  following  statements  is false?

(A) Erythrocytes/RBC are the least abundant of all the cells in blood.

(B) The number of RBCs in adult man per mm3 of blood is 5 million to 5.5. million.

(C) RSC are formed in the red bone marrow in the adults.

(D) RBCs are enucleate in most of the mammals.

Life span of human RBC is –

(A) 120 hours           (B) 120 month          (C) 120 days            (D) 102 days

What is the amount of haemoglobin present in 100 ml blood of human blood?

(A)  45g                            (B) 18-20g              (C) 12-16g                (D) 10 -12g

Mammalian RBCs are in shape-

(A) Oval                     (B) Biconvex            (C) biconcave           (D) Sickle like

All of the following statement are correct about WBCs except –

(A) They are nucleate and least constancy in shape

(B) They are lesser in number (6000 – 8000 per mm3 blood)

(C) They are generally short lived

(D) They help in blood clotting

All of the following are granulocytes except-

(A) Neutrophils                                       (B) Eosinophils

(C) Basophils only                                   (D) Lymphocytes and monocytes

Match list I with list II correctly –

List I

(Types of leucocytes/ WBCs)

List II

(Their% (of total WBC)

I. Neutrophils A. 20 – 25
II. Basophils B. 2 – 3
Ill. Monocytes C. 6 – 8
IV. Eosinophils D. 0.5 – 1
V. Lymphocytes E. 60 – 65

(A) I – E, II – D, III – C, IV -A, V – B         (B) I -A, II – B, III – C, IV – E, V – D

(C) I – E, II – D, III – C. IV – B, V –A         (D) I – B, II – D, III -A, IV – C, V –A

Match the following –

Column I Column II
I. Basophils A. Phagocytes
II. Neutrophils B. Secrete histamine, serotonin , heparin and involved in inflammatory response
III. Monocytes C. Resist infections and are also involved in allergic reaction
IV. Eosinophils D. Immunity
V. Lympho cytes

(A) I – B, II and III -A, IV – C, V – D         (B) I – B, II and III – C, IV -A, V – D

(C) I – C, II and III -A, IV – B, V – D         (D) I – D, II and III -C, IV -A, V – B

Megakaryocytes produce-

(A) Leucocytes                                     (B) Lymphocytes

(C) Bone cells                                      (D) Blood platelets (thrombocytes)

Which of the following is cell fragments?

(A) Leucocytes          (B) RBCs              (C) Blood platelets    (D) None

1 mm3  blood has how many blood platelets?

(A) 150000 – 350000                            (B) 1.5 million to 3.5 million

(C) 1500-3000                                     (D) 10 to 15 lacs

During blood clotting, platelets release –

(A) Thrombin

(B) Fibrinogen

(C) Prothrombin

(D) Thrombokinase and other blood clotting factor

Find the correct descending order of proportion  of  leucocytes  in human blood.

(A) Neutrophils → Basophils →Lymphocytes → Acidophils (Eosinophils) Monocytes

(B) Neutrophils → Monocytes→Lymphocytes→ Acidophils → Basophils

(C) Neutrophils →Lymphocytes→ Monocytes → Acidophils → Basophils

(D) Neutrophils → Acidophils → Basophils → Lymphocytes → Monocytes

Assertion – A physician might order a white cell count for a patient with symptoms of an

infection.

Reason- An increase in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) may indicate that the person is combating an infection.

A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertio

B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of assertion

C) Assertion is true but reason is fal

D) Both assertion and reason are fal

ABO blood grouping is based on the presence or absence of surface antigens

(A) 2                         (B) 3                      (C) 6                        (D) 12

Fill up gaps given below in the table-

Blood group Antigens on RBCs Antibody in

Plasma

Donor groups
A A Anti- B A,O
B B Anti-A B,O
AB AB       II       A,B,ABO
O     I_         III             IV      

 

 

I II III IV
(a) Nil Nil Nil O
(b) Nil Nil Anti-A,B AB
(c) Nil Anti-A,B Nil O
(d) Nil Nil Anti-A,B O

Which of the following blood groups is universal donor and universal acceptors respectively?

(A) AB, O                  (B) O, AB               (C) AB, A                  (D) A, AB

Which of the following representations is correct about blood groups and donor compatibility?

Rh factor is concerned with blood grouping. It derives its name from-

(A) Man                    (B) Chimpanzee    (C) Monkey              D) Rat

Rh factor is responsible for-

(A) Sickle cell anemia                          (B) Erythroblastosis foetalis

(C) AIDS                                             (D) Turner syndrome

In developing foetus, erythroblastosis foetalis is caused by-

(A) Haemolysis                                    (B) Clumping of RBCs

(C) Failure of blood clotting                   (D) Phagocytosis by WBC

In erythroblastosis foetalis, which of the following factors passes through placenta into foetus –

(A) Rh antigens         (B) Rh antibodies  (C) Agglutinins          (D) ABO antibodies

A doctor suggested to a couple not to have more than one child because of –

(A) Rh+ male and Rh- female                 (B) Rh- male and Rh+ female

(C) Rh- male and Rh- female                  (D) Rh+ male and Rh+ female

In case of emergency which blood group could be safely transfused?

(A) AB Rh-               (B) AB Rh+             (C) O Rh-                 (D) O Rh+

Which of the following is expected if husband is Rh+ and wife is Rh-?

(A) No problem with 1st pregnancy

(B) Problem would be expected with future pregnancies

(C) Both

(D) No problem could be expected in any pregnancy

Which of the following statements is correct?

(A) Rh compatibility must be tested before pregnancy establishment and blood transfusion

(B) Rh antibodies can cross placenta

(C) At the time of 1st delivery some of Rh+

RB Cs from the baby (Rh+) mix the mother’s blood (Rh-) due to tear in placenta mother’s blood for Rh- antibodies

(D) All

 

What is the correct order of these events?

I. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

2. Clot retraction and leakage of serum

3. Thromboplastin formation

4. Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

(A) 3,2,1, 4              (B) 3,4,1,2              (C) 3,4,2,1              D) 4,1,3,2

Which of the following statement are correct?

I. Ca+2 is necessary for blood coagulation

II. Coagulation in blood vessel is prevented during normal condition by heparin

III. Clotting of blood involves changes of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin

IV. Blood clotting involves cascading process involving a number of factors present in the active form always

(A) I, Ill, IV               (B) II, IV               (C) I, II, Ill                (D) Ill, IV

Which of the following pathways is correct for blood clotting

18 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION QUESTION

Which of following statements is wrong about lymph.

I. Lymph is colourful as it has haemoglobin but no RBC

II. The fluid present in lymphatic system is called lymph

III. It contains specialized lymphocytes which are responsible for immunity of the body

IV. Lymph is an important carrier for nutrients and hormones

V. Fats are absorbed through lymph in the lacteals present in the intestinal villi

(A) Only I                 (B) III and IV           (C) II and III             (D) Only IV

Which of  the  following  statements  is correct?

I. Lymphatic system collects tissue fluid/interstitial fluid and drains it back to the major veins

II. Interstitial fluid (tissue fluid) and lymph have almost similar composition

III. Lymph and interstitial fluid have no larger proteins and RBC

IV. Exchange of nutrients and gases, etc. between the blood and cells always occurs through tissue flu id

V. Interstitial fluid has the same mineral distribution as that in plasma

VI. Lymph can be defined as blood minus RBC but has specialized lymphocytes

(A) All                  (B) Only III and IV       (C) V and VI           (D) I, III, V

Open circulatory system is found in –

(A) Arthropods and molluscs                  (B) Annelids and Chordates

(C) Annelids and arthropods                  (D) Fishes and molluscs

Closed circulatory system is found in –

(A)  Arthropod and chordates                (B) Molluscs and chordates

(C) Amphibians and molluscs              D) Annelids and chordates

In an open circulatory system –

(A) There is no heart

(B) There is no need of blood vessels

(C) There is no distinction between blood and tissue fluid

(D) There are no open spaces or sinuses in the body

Advantages of closed circulatory system over open circulatory system includes which of the following?

(A)  Closed  system  can  direct  blood  to specific tissues

(B) Exchange occurs more rapidly

(C) Close circulatory system can support higher levels of metabolic activity

(D) All

Which of  the  following  statements  is wrong about the closed circulatory system?

(A) Blood remains within blood vessels and never comes in direct contact with the body cells

(B) In it flow of fluid can be more precisely regulated

(C) There is no blood capillary

(D) Blood flow is more rapid due to higher pressure

Following are figures of hearts in different animals

A= Auricle

V = Ventricle

Identify with their characteristic hearts –

I II III IV
a) Fishes Reptiles All reptiles Birds, Mammals
(b) Fishes Birds Reptiles, birds Mammal
(c) Fishes Amphibians Reptiles Crocodiles, Birds, Mammals
(d) Fishes Crocodiles Amphibi ans, Reptiles Birds, Mammals

In  fishes   the   blood   circulation   is represented as

The above flow of blood indicates it is a

(A) Double circulation

(B) Single circulation

(C) Incomplete single circulation

(D) Incomplete double circulation

Incomplete double circulation is found in which of the following animals?

(A) Birds

(B) Mammals

(C) Birds and Mammals

(D)Amphibians  and  Reptiles

Which of the following statements is not true?

(A) Heart is ectodermal in origin

(B) In human beings heart is situated in the thoracic cavity, in between the two lungs slightly lifted to the left

(C) Human heart  has the  size of a clenched fist.

(D) Double wall membranous bag (pericardium) with pericardia! fluid protects heart

Which of the following is correct about human heart?

(A) The volume of both atria> the volume of both ventricles

(B) The volume of both ventricle > the volume of both atria

(C) The volume of both atria= the volume of both ventricles

(D) Ventricles  are  upper  chambers  and atria are lower chambers in our heart

Bicuspid valve/mitral valve is found between –

(A) Left atrium and left ventricle

(B) Right atrium and right ventricle

(C) Right atrium and left ventricle

(D) Left atrium and right ventricle

Tricuspid valve is present between the-

(A) Two atria                                       (B) Two ventricles

(C) Left atrium and left ventricle           (D) Right atrium and right ventricle

Chordae tendinae are found in –

(A) Joints                                             (B) Atria of heart

(C) Ventricles of heart                           (D) Ventricles of brain

Ventricles are thick-walled as compared to atrium because –

(A) It is to receive blood from atria          (B) It is present on the posterior side

(C) It is to pump blood                           (D) None

Which of the following has thickest wall?

(A) Left auricle         (B) Left ventricle    (C) Right auricle       (D) Right ventricle

Match the following.

Column I Column II
A. Superior vena cava p. carries deoxygenated blood to lungs
B. Inferior

vena cava

q. carries oxygenated

blood from lungs

C. Pulmonary artery r. brings deoxygenated blood from lower part of body to right atrium
D. Pulmonary vein s. bring deoxygenated blood from upper part of body to right atrium

(A) A – q, B – s, C – r, D – p                    (B) A – s, B – p, C – q, D – r

(C) A- s, B – r, C – p, D – q                    (D) A – s, B – p, C – r, D – q

Origin of heart beat and its conduction is represented by –

A) SA-node → Purkinje fibres → AV-node→ Bundle of His

B) AV-node→ Bundle of His→ SA- node→ Purkinje fibres

C) Purkinje fibres→ AV-node→ SA- node→ Bundle of His

D) SA-node→ AV- node→ Bundle of His→ Purkinje fibres

‘Heart of heart’ is –

(A) SA – node          (B) AV – node          (C) Bundle of his     (D) Purkinje fibres

SA node is located in –

(A) Upper lateral wall of left atrium       (B) Lower lateral wall of left atrium

(C) Lower lateral wall of right atrium     (D) Upper lateral wall of right atrium

SA node is called pace maker of the heart. Why?

(A) It can change contractile activity generated by AV node

(B) It delays the transmission of impulse between the atria and ventricles

(C) It gets stimulated when it receives neural signal

(D) It    initiates    and    maintains    the rhythmic contractile activity of heart

Sino-atrial node (SAN) can generate impulses

(A) 70 – 75 min-1          (B) 50 – 55 min-1     (C) 35 – 40 min-1          (D) 100-150 min-1

The impulse of heart beat originate from –

(A) SAN                    (B) AVN                (C) Vagus nerve        (D) Cardiac nerve

Rate of heart is determined by-

(A) SAN                    (B) AVN                (C) Purkinje fibres    (D) Bundle of His

Bundle of His is a group of-

(A) Ganglia               (B) Nerve fibres     (C) Muscular fibres (D) Connective tissue

Bundle of His / AV-bundle found in –

(A) Right auricle                                  (B) Left auricle

(C) Bone                                             (D) lnterventricular septum

Atria-ventricular node (AVN) is situated in

(A) Lower left corner of left auricle, close to AV-septum

(B) Lower left corner of right auricle, close to AV-septum

(C) Upper left corner of right auricle, close to AV-septum

(D)Upper left corner of left auricle, close to AV-septum

Purkinje fibres are present in –

(A) Left auricle                                    (B) Right auricle

(C) Ventricular myocardium                 (D) SAN

The chordae tendinae-

(A) Close the AV-valves

(B) Prevent the AV-valves flaps from everting

(C) Open semilunar valves

(D)Are present in auricles

Which of the following correctly traces the electrical impulses that trigger each heart beat

A) Pacemaker  →   AV  node→   Atria → Ventricles

B) Pacemaker → Atria →   AV  node → Ventricles

C) AV node → Pacemaker →  Auricles →Ventricles

D) Ventricle→ pacemaker→ AV  node→ Auricle

An atrioventricular valve prevents the back flow or leakage of blood from –

(A) The   right   ventricle   into   the   right atrium

(B) The left atrium into the left ventricle

(C) The aorta into the left ventricle

(D) The pulmonary vein into the right atrium

How many double circulations are normally completed by the human heart in one minute?

(A) 8                           (B) 16                  (C) 36                      (D) 72

Assertion- If  you  trace  the  path  of  a molecule of carbon dioxide that starts in an arteriole in the right thumb and leaves the body in exhaled air, the minimum number of capillary beds the molecule encountered is 2.

Reason- The molecule of carbon dioxide would need to enter a capillary bed in the thumb  before  returning  to  the  right atrium and ventricle, then travel to the lung and enter a capillary from which it would diffuse into an alveolus and be available to be exhaled.

A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertio

B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of assertio

C) Assertion is true but reason is fal

D) Both assertion and reason are false

The duration of cardiac cycle in a normal man is

(A) 0.8 seconds       (B) 80 seconds        (C) 60 seconds        (D) 72 seconds

During systole of heart –

A) Only atria contract

B) only ventricles contract

C) Auricles and ventricles contract separately

D) Auricles and ventricles contract simultaneously

During ventricular systole –

(A) Oxygenated blood is pumped into the aorta and deoxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery

(B) Oxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and deoxygenated blood is

pumped into the artery

(C) Oxygenated blood is pumped into aorta and deoxygenated blood is pumped into pulmonary vein

(D) Oxygenated blood is pumped into pulmonary vein and deoxygenated blood is pumped into pulmonary artery

Contraction of right ventricle pumps blood into-

(A) Dorsal aorta                                   (B) Pulmonary vein

(C) Coronary artery                              (D) Pulmonary artery

When ventricular systole occurs –

(A) Auricular diastole coincides

(B) Tricuspid and bicuspid valves close

(C) Semilunar valves guarding pulmonary artery and aorta are forced to open

(D) All

During cardiac cycle about % of ventricular filling occurs prior to atrial contraction.             %  ventricular  filling occurs due to atrial contraction –

(A) 50, 50                 (B) 70, 30               (C) 30, 70                 (D) 10, 90

Which of the following events do not occur during joint diastole?

I. All 4 chambers of heart are in relaxed state

II. Tricuspid and bicuspid valves open

III. Action potential is conducted  from SAN to AVN

IV. Blood from the pulmonary veins and vena cava flows into the left and right ventricles respectively through the left and right atria

V. The Semilunar valves are closed

(A) Only V                (B) Only III             (C) Only IV               (D) Only I and II

The accompanying diagram shows three stages in the cardiac cycle- Which of the following sequence is correct?

(A) 2,3, 1                   (B)1,2, 3              (C) 2, 1, 3                  (D) 3,1, 2

Cardiac output is determined by –

(A) Heart rate           (B) Stroke volume (C) Blood flow          (D) Both a and b

The amount of blood to be pumped out by each ventricle/minute is-      

 (A) Stroke volume     (B) Cardiac output   (C) Tidal volume       (D) Residual volume

During cardiac cycle each ventricle pumps out about 70 ml of blood which is called –   

(A) Stroke volume     (B) Cardiac output  (C) Tidal volume     (D) Residual volume

A red blood cell, entering the right side of the heart passes by or through the following structures –

1. Atrioventricular valves

2. Semi-lunar valves

3. Right atrium

4. Right ventricle

5. SAN

A) 2→3→1→4→5 B) 3→1→5→2→4   C) 3→5→1→2→4   D) 5→3→1→4→2

Cardiac output is –

(A) Stroke volume (SV) x Heart rate (HR)= 5L/ min

(B) SV x HR= 500 ml

(C) SV x HR= 72 ml/min

(D) SV x HR= 70 ml/min

Which of the following statement is not true?

(A) Cardiac output of an athlete is much higher than that of an ordinary man

(B) In each minute a single cardiac cycle is performed

(C) Cardiac sounds are of clinical diagnostic significances

(D) Cardiac cycle includes Auricular systole, ventricular systole and joint diastole/complete diastole

First cardiac sound (lub) is associated with

(A) Closure of tricuspid and bicuspid valves

(B) Opening  of  tricuspid  and  bicuspid valves

(C) Closure of semilunar valves

(D) Opening of semi lunar valves

Which of the following statement is wrong for second cardiac sound?

(A) It is heard as dup

(B) It  is produced due to closure of semilunar valves

(C) It is clinically significant

(D) It is clinically non-significant

Assertion – The AV node delay the electrical impulse moving from the SA node and the atria to the ventricles.

Reason- The delay allows the atria to empty completely, filling ventricles fully before they contract.

A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertio

B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not  correct  explanation  of assertio

C) Assertion is true but reason is fal

D) Both assertion and reason are fal

Assertion – After exercising regularly for several months, our resting heart rate decreases, but our cardiac output at rest is unchanged.

Reason- The heart, like any other muscle, becomes stronger through regular exercise. The stronger heart would have a lesser stroke volume, which would allow for the decrease in heart rate.

A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertio

B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of assertio

C) Assertion is true but reason is fal

D) Both assertion and reason are false

Electrocardiogram is a measure of-

(A) Heart rate                                      (B) Ventricular contraction

(C) Volume of blood pumped                     (D) Electrical activity of heart

Which of the  following  is  a  false statement?                       

(A) ECG is of a great clinical significance

(B) Electrocardiograph is the recording of electrical changes during the cardiac cycle

(C) To obtain a standard ECG, a patient is connected to the machine with 3 electrical electrodes (one to each wrist and to the left ankle)

(D) Normal activities of the heart are regulated intrinsically

P-wave represents –

(A) Depolarization of ventricles              (B) Repolarization of ventricle

(C) Repolarization of atria                     (D) Depolarization of atria

QRS complex represents the –

(A) Depolarization of ventricles               (B) Repolarization of ventricles

(C) Repolarization of atria                      (D) Depolarization of atria

T wave on an ECG represents –

(A) Depolarization of ventricles               (B) Repolarization of ventricle

(C) Repolarization of atria                      (D) Depolarization of atria

The below figure is the diagrammatic representation of standard ECG.           

Column I Column II  
A. P- wave I. Ventricular depolarization followed by ventricular contraction
B. QRS Complex II. Atrial depolarization followed by systole of both atria
C. T- wave III. Ventricular

repolarization followed by ventricular relaxation

(A) A-I, B-II, C-III     (B)A-III, B -II, C-I    (C) A-II, B – I. C – III          (D) A-II, B-III, C – I

Match the Column I with Column II –

Which of the following options represents the pulmonary circulation in human being –

Which of the following options represent correct systemic circulation in human being-

Note the following blood vessels –

Choose the correct path that lists the blood vessels in. order, blood passes through them as it leaves the heart, travels to tissue and returns to heart –

(A) C, D, B, A, E, F   (B) C, D, A, B, F, E  (C) D, C, A, B, E, F   (D) D, C, B, A, E, F

Identify X, Y and Z?

  X Y Z
(a) Vein Artery Capillary
(b) Capillary Artery Vein
(c) Artery Capillary Vein
(d) Vein Capillary Artery

Systemic circulation –

(A) Provides nutrient,  and other essential substances to the tissues

(B) Takes  and other harmful substances away for elimination

(C) Both a and b

(D) Carries blood from heart to lungs

The blood circulation which starts and ends into capillaries is –

(A) Portal circulation                            (B) Renal circulation

(C) Hepatic circulation                         (D) Lymphatic circulation

Vascular connection between the digestive tracts and liver is called –

(A) Hepatic circulation                          (B) Hepatic-portal system

(C) Both a and b                                  (D) Hepatic sinusoid

The hepatic-portal vein carries blood from to the ____ before it is delivered to the systemic circulation-

(A) Liver, intestine                                (B) Pancreas, intestine

(C) Intestine, liver                                (D) Hepatic artery, hepatic vein

A special coronary system of blood vessels present in our body exclusively for the circulation of blood to and from the-

(A) Corneocytes                                   (B) Cornea

(C) Cori cycle                                       (D) Heart/Cardiac musculature

Assertion- The heart of a normally developing human fetus has a hole between the left and right atria. In some cases, this hole does not close completely before birth. If the hole weren’t surgically corrected, the content would be abnormally low.

Reason- In this case, some oxygen depleted blood returned to the right atrium from the systemic circuit would mix with the oxygen rich blood in the left atrium.

A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion.

B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of

C) Assertion is true but reason is false.

D) Both assertion and reason are false

Assertion – There is low velocity of blood flow in the capillaries.

Reason – There is large total cross sectional area of the capillaries.

A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of

B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of assertion.

C) Assertion is true but reason is false.

D) Both assertion and reason are false

Cardiac centre lies in –

(A) Medulla oblongata                          (B) Pons

(C) Cerebrum                                      (D) Epithalamus

Cardiac centre can moderate. the cardiac functions through –

(A) Somatic neural system                    (B) Parasympathetic nervous system only

(C)Autonomic nervous system (ANS)      (D) Sympathetic nervous system only

Neural signal through the sympathetic nerve (part of ANS) increases cardiac output because of-

(A) Increasing the rate of heart beat

(B) Increasing the strength of ventricular contraction

(C) Both a and b

(D) Increasing the stimulation of vagus nerve

Parasympathetic neural signal decreases cardiac output by –

(A) Decreasing the rate of heart beat

(B) Decreasing the speed conduction of action potential

(C) Both

(D) Increasing adrenal medulla hormones secretion

Heart beat increases –

(A) On stimulation of sympathetic nerves

(B) On stimulation of vagus nerve (para sympathetic nerve)

(C) By adrenaline secreted by adrenal medulla

(D) Both a and c

In adult, normal blood pressure is –

(A) 80/120 mmHg   (B) 100/80 mmHg   (C) 120/80 mmHg  (D) 100/ 120 mmHg

Normal BP= 120 / 80 mmHg in an adult. In this measurement 120 mmHg is the____ pressure and 80 mmHg is _______ pressure-

(A) Diastolic, systolic                            (B) Systolic, diastolic

(C) Pulse, diastolic                               (D) Pulse, systolic

Which one indicates B.P or hypertension?

(A) 120/ 80 mmHg                               (B) 80/120 mmHg

(C) 140/90 mmHg or higher                  (D) 40/60 mm Hg

Match the Column I with Column II –

Column I Column II
A. Heart failure I. Heart muscle is

suddenly damaged by an inadequate blood supply

B. Cardiac arrest II. Chest pain due to inadequate 0 2 reaching the heart muscles
C. Heart Attack III. Atherosclerosis
D. Coronary

Artery disease (CAD)

IV Heart not pumping

blood effectively enough to meet the needs of the body

E. Angina pectoris V. Heart stops beating
A B C D E
(a) IV V III I II
(b) V IV I II II
(c) IV V III I III
(d) V IV I III I

It is often referred as atherosclerosis, affects the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscles. It is caused by deposition of Ca, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues making the lumen of arteries narrow –

The above facts are related to-

(A) CAD                     (B) SCIO               (C) Blue baby            (D) Heart arrest

Assertion –  Nitroglycerin  relieve  chest pain caused by narrowing of the cardiac arteries.

Reason – The chest pain results from inadequate blood flow in coronary arteries. Vasodilation promoted by nitric oxide from nitroglycerin increases blood flow, providing  the  heart  muscle  with additional oxygen and thus relieving the pain.

A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion

B) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not correct explanation of assertio

C) Assertion is true but reason is fal

D) Both assertion and reason are false

 

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below.

Column I                                              Column II

Fibrinogen                                                                              (i) Osmotic balance

Globulin                                                                               (ii) Blood clotting

Albumin                                                                                 (iii) Defence mechanism

(a) A-(iii); B-(ii); C-(i) (b) A-(i); B-(ii); C-(iii)            (c) A-(ii); B-(iii); C-(i)   (d) A-(i); B-(iii); C-(ii)

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below:

Column I                                  Column II

Tricuspid valve i. Between left atrium and left ventricle

Bicuspid valve ii. Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Semilunar valve iii. Between right atrium and right ventricle

(a) A-(iii); B-(i); C-(ii) (b) A-(i); B-(iii); C-(ii)            (c) A-(ii); B-(i); C-(iii)            (d) A-(i); B-(ii); C-(iii)

Adult human RBCs are enucleated. Which of the following statement(s) is/are most appropriate explanation for this feature?

(1) They do not need to reproduce.                   (2) They are somatic cells.

(3) They do not metabolize.                               (4) All their internal space is available for oxygen transport.

(a) Only (1)                    (b) (1), (3) and (4)                   (c) (2) and (3)                          (d) Only (4)

Reduction in pH of blood will

(a) reduce the rate of heart beat.                                                (b) reduce the blood supply to the brain.

(c) decrease the affinity of haemoglobin with oxygen. (d) release bicarbonate ions by the liver.

Blood pressure in the pulmonary artery is

(a) same as that in the aorta.                                                      (b) more than that in the carotid.

(c) more than that in the pulmonary vein.                                 (d) less than that in the venae cavae.

Which one of the following is correct?

(a) Serum = Blood + Fibrinogen                                               (b) Lymph = Plasma + RBC + WBC

(c) Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC                                          (d) Plasma = Blood – Lymphocytes

Erythropoiesis starts in :

(a) Liver                        (b) Spleen                    (c) Red bone marrow                          (d) Kidney

Doctors use stethoscope to hear the sounds produced during each cardiac cycle. The second sound is heard when

(a) ventricular wall vibrate due to gushing in of blood from atria.

(b) semilunar valves close down after the blood flows into vessels from ventricles.

(c) AV node receives signal from SA node.

(d) AV valves open up.

Blood pressure in the mammalian aorta is maximum during

(a) diastole of the right ventricle.                                  (b) systole of the left ventricle.

(c) diastole of the right atrium.                                      (d) systole of the left atrium.

Which one of the following animals has two separate circulatory pathways?

(a) Lizard                       (b) Whale                    (c) Shark                     (d) Frog

 How do parasympathetic neural signals affect the working of the heart?

(a) Reduce both heart rate and cardiac output.

(b) Heart rate is increased without affecting the cardiac output.

(c) Both heart rate and cardiac output increase.            (d) Heart rate decreases but cardiac output increases.

What would be the heart rate of a person if the cardiac output is 5L, blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole is 100 mL and at the end of ventricular systole is 50 mL?

(1) 50 beats per minute              (2) 75 beats per minute  (3) 100 beats per minute  (4) 125 beats per minute

Match the Column – I with Column -II

Column – I                                Column – II

(a) P-wave                                 (i) Depolarisation of ventricles

(b) QRS complex                      (ii) Repolarisation of ventricles

(c) T-wave                                 (iii) Coronary ischemia

(d) Reduction in the size           (iv) Depolarisation of of T-wave atria

(v) Repolarisation of atria

Select the correct option-

(a) (b) (c) (d)                 (a) (b) (c) (d)               (a) (b) (c) (d)                (a) (b) (c) (d)

(1) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)          (2) (iv) (i) (ii) (v)        (3) (ii) (i) (v) (iii)         (4) (ii) (iii) (v) (iv)

In a marriage between male with blood group A and female with blood group B, the progeny had either blood group AB or B. What could be the possible genotype of parents?

(1) IAi (Male) : IBIB(Female)                           (2) IAIA (Male) : IBIB(Female)

(3) IAIA(Male) : IBi (Female)                          (4) IAi (Male) : IBi (Female)

All the components of the nodal tissue are autoexcitable. Why does the SA node act as the normal pacemaker?

(1) SA node has the lowest rate of depolarisation.

(2) SA node is the only component to generate the threshold potential.

(3) Only SA node can convey the action potential to the other components.

(4) SA node has the highest rate of depolarisation.

A specialised nodal tissue embedded in the lower corner of the right atrium, close to Atrio-ventricular septum, delays the spreading of impulses to heart apex for about 0.1 sec. The delay allows.

(1) blood to enter aorta.                                     (2) the ventricles to empty completely.

(3) blood to enter pulmonary arteries.               (4) the atria to empty completely.

Which of the following conditions cause erythroblastosis foetalis ?

(1) Mother Rh+ve and foetus Rh–ve                      (2) Mother Rh–ve and foetus Rh+ve

(3) Both mother and foetus Rh–ve                        (4) Both mother and foetus Rh+ve

Match the following columns and select the correct option

Column – I                                          Column – II

(a)          Eosinophils                              (i)         Immune response

(b)          Basophils                                 (ii)        Phagocytosis

(c)          Neutrophils                              (iii)       Release histaminases, destructive enzymes

(d)          Lymphocytes                           (iv)       Release granules containing histamine

(a)        (b)        (c)        (d)                                (a)        (b)        (c)        (d)

(ii)        (i)         (iii)       (iv)                   2.         (iii)       (iv)       (ii)        (i)

(iv)       (i)         (ii)        (iii)                   4.         (i)         (ii)        (iv)       (iii)

The QRS complex in a standard ECG represents :

1) Repolarisation of ventricles                           2) Repolarisation of auricles

3) Depolarisation of auricles                             4) Depolarisation of ventricles

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of inactive fibrinogens to fibrins

Renin                        2.  Epinephrine            3.  Thrombokinase                              4.  Thrombin

Persons with ‘AB’ group are called as “Universal recipients”. This is due to:

1) Absence of antigens A and B in plasma                    2) Presence of antibodies, anti-A and anti-B on RBCs

3) Absence of antibodies, anti-A and anti-B in plasma

4)Absence of antigens A and B on the surface of RBCs

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: The coagulum is formed network of threads called thrombins.

Statement II: Spleen is the graveyard of erythrocytes.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1) Both Statements I and Statement II are correct

2) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Which one of the following statements is correct?

1) The atrio-ventricular node (AVN) generates an action potential to stimulate atrial contraction

2) The tricuspid and bicuspid valves open due to the pressure exerted by the simultaneous contraction of the atria

3) Blood moves freely from atrium to the ventricle during joint diastole.

4) Increased ventricular pressure causes closing of the semilunar valves.

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